C++

We are going to be creating a BigDecimal class that will allow a user to add and subtract large numbers (numbers larger than a long double). To do this we are going to use a class called Char to hold each digit of the BigDecimal number

Step 1 The Char Type

Create a complex type called Char that models the primitive type char. In your class you are going to want to have the following constructors:

Char Class Methods

C++	Java	Description
Char()	Char()	Default constructor that sets the data section of the class to null (binary 0)
Char(char c)	Char(char c)	Overloaded constructor that takes a primitive char as an argument. It should set the data section of the class to the argument.
Char(int c)	Char(int c)	Overloaded constructor that takes a primitive int as a parameter. The data section of the class should be set as a character from the argument.
Char(const Char &c)	Char(final Char c)	Overloaded constructor that takes the complex Char type as a parameter. The data section of the class should be set with the data section of the argument
Char(string c);	Char(String c)	Overloaded Constructor that takes a string type as a parameter. The data section of the class should be set to the first character in the string.

Your class should have the following mutators:

Required Mutators

C++	Java	Description
void setChar(const Char &c);	void setChar(final Char c)	Sets the data section to the data section of the argument
void setChar(char c);	void setChar(char c);	Sets the data section to the primitive argument
void setChar(int c)	void setChar(int c);	Sets the data section of the class as a character from the int argument.

finally, you should have the following accessor functions

Required Accessor Methods

C++	Java	Description
char toChar() const;	char toChar();	Returns the data section of the class as a char.
int toInt() const;	int toInt();	Returns the data section of the class as an int.
string toString();	String toString();	Returns the data section of the class as a string
string toHexString();	String toHexString();	Returns the data section of the class as a hexadecimal valued string
string operator + (char c);	String add(char c);	Concatenates the data section of the class with the parameter and returns the two characters as a string.
string operator + (const Char &c)	String add(final Char c);	Concatenates the data section of the class with the data section of the parameter and returns the two characters as a string.

Step 2 - Big Decimal

In Step 1 you created a class called Char that would do a few things with a char primitive type. In this assignment we are going to use the Char class to create another class called BigDecimal. What this means is that you are going to store digit characters in your Char class and then add new instances of the Char class to create a BigDecimal.

The BigDecimal class is going to need a way to hold all of the Char classes that you add to it so you might want to consider using a vector. I realize that the vector class in Java is somewhat going away so if you are using Java you might want to consider using the ArrayList. From this point forward I will refer to ArrayList and vector as a container. This way I don\'t have to keep typing both.

Your BigDecimal class should have the following constructors

• BigDecimal() - default constructor should simply set your container to three Char objects that contain the values \'0\' \'.\' \'0\'
• BigDecimal(String value)- This constructor will parse the string taking each digit, putting it into a new Char and adding the Char to the container.

Your BigDecimal class should also contain the following mutators

• void setValue(char ch)- A char that contains a digit
• void setValue(String value) - This does the same as the overloaded constructor that takes a string
• BigDecimal add(BigDecimal) - Adds the values together and returns the result as a Big Decimal
• BigDecimal sub(BigDecimal) - Subtracts the two values and returns the result as a BigDecimal

Note: If you are using C++ feel free to use the + operator instead of the add function.

I am going to let you off the hook for the multiply and divide but it should be easy to implement.

Accessors

• double toDouble()- Returns the value stored in the container as a double
• String toString()- Returns the value store in the container as a string
• Char at(int index )- Returns the value at the particular index as a Char

CAVEAT:

If you are using C++ your container must hold pointers to the Char type. This means when you push something back you need to do the following:

v.push_back(new Char(\'A\'));

Java you will use references but the principle is the same. Simpy add a new Char to whatever container you are using.

al.add(new Char(\'A\'));

OTHER REQUIREMENT

Before adding anything to your container you must determine if the value is actually a digit. If it is not then simply stop processing characters at that point. You are also to make sure that not more than one decimal is placed. Basically I am asking you to have a container that has a well formed number

Step 3 File IO

Make a change to your BigDecimal class to add the following functions (methods)

• int wholeNumber() - Returns only the whole number portion of the decimal number as an int
• double fraction() - Returns the fractional portion of the number as double

FILE I

Attached at this link is a text file called Number.txt that contains several numbers. You are to read in each of these numbers and store them in your BigDecimal class. Basically you are going to need a BigDecimal class for each number that is in the file. Store each BigDecimal in some kind of container like a vector or an ArrayList.

Once you have all of the numbers loaded use a loop to write out all of the numbers into two separate text files. One file called wholeNumbers.txt will hold the whole number portion of the number. The other file call fraction.txt will hold the fractional portion of the number. Make sure you include the decimal point.

Open each of the files in Notepad and make sure that you have one number per line.

Step 4 Exceptions

Create an exception class called CharException to be thrown in the setChar function that takes an int as a parameter. You should check the range of the int to make sure it is a valid readable character. Basically if the parameter is less than 32 or greater than 127 you want to throw a CharException with the message \"Invalid Character\".

C++

Use public inheritance to derive your CharException class from exception. Override the virtual function what (const char *what()) so that it returns the message \"Invalid Character\". Use the what function to display the error message. Below is and image of main and it\'s output to give you an idea of how the class should work:FinallyCreate a BigDecimalException class that is derived from the CharException class. You should throw this exception anytime that a character is being set that is not a valid character (a digit or a decimal). You should also throw this exception if more than one decimal is being set.At this point I am not going to give you many specifics on how to implement this. I will only say that you are to use inheritance. No matter how you implement this class please have good reasoning for doing so. It is time for all of us to start using what we have learned to formulate our own ideas.Important:For this assignment I expect that you will use good coding practices. This means that whenever possible you should create one code path. Having code duplications will be frowned upon and may result in a point reduction in your grade.

FINALLY

Create a BigDecimalException class that is derived from the CharException class. You should throw this exception anytime that a character is being set that is not a valid character (a digit or a decimal). You should also throw this exception if more than one decimal is being set.

At this point I am not going to give you many specifics on how to implement this. I will only say that you are to use inheritance. No matter how you implement this class please have good reasoning for doing so. It is time for all of us to start using what we have learned to formulate our own ideas.

IMPORTANT:

For this assignment I expect that you will use good coding practices. This means that whenever possible you should create one code path. Having code duplications will be frowned upon and may result in a point reduction in your grade.