How does the below relate to this day in age ?

Describe how stress responses can be adaptive and how this type of stress affects the brain.

Stress responses for a neuro a typical person are not really applicable (Kalat, 2019). Neuro typical people work with, experience, and have stress relief therapies which operate almost entirely different from the pathology of neuro a typical people. What stresses typical people out usually do not affect us, and what stresses us out which is a lot more things has little to not much effect on typical people. So the pathologies are inherently different. The stressors in typical people are hypertension (high blood pressure), vessels in the body constricting and expanding, as well as the generalized ideas regarding the mental strain of simple too much stress. However, neuro a typical people do not have many of these issues. Our bodies are also designed differently so that the above conditions affect us different from typical people. Years of high blood pressure in a typical person usually leads to a stroke or a heart attack. The math's are a little shy on that aspect for us. There are some people who have been crippled with smoking related health issues in their 30s and other people still smoking in their 90s. The author Harper Lee for example, smoked and sometimes heavily for most of her 90 years of life. But no real sign she suffered from ill effects from smoking for most of her life. There is every reason to assume Harper was an undiagnosed neuro a typical. Based on her lifestyle, and the facts of how she viewed life. The affects on some people of said stress is bad, on others it does not really present much of an issue over the years. So the clinical evidence is inconclusive, despite what MDs and the Drug companies want you to believe. Of course if you did go to an MD with x complaint you would soon find yourself with 20 Rx to take very day. For a host of issues. That pathology is in itself suspect.

Describe how stress responses can be maladaptive and how this type of stress affects the brain.

Psychology actually has an entirely sequence of information about maladaptive behavior. Almost everything about skinners work and his devotees work is maladaptive. 10 21 2022 episode of "Young Sheldon" pointed this maladaptive idea out interestingly. The 0 is actually a "Schrodinger thing". It both exists and does not exist at the same time. This is has been a long standing joke in math's for centuries. The show turned the "discovery" into a huge deal, but it is in part 100 years ago where Schrodinger got his ideas for his cat thought experiment. When the body acts/reacts to long term stress it will make adjustments, and those adjustments like always being in shock, or the vessels always being restricted because of fight or flight, is maladaptive.

Compare the ways in which adaptive stress responses and maladaptive stress responses affect the brain.

The first problem with this is the placebo effect. How we "view things" and how those aroundus few things has a massive affect on how stressful we view things. Correct adaptive stress responses are to find ways to allow the stresses to have less of a mental impact on the patient. Maladaptive is getting used to being fully and completely stressed and allowing the constricted brain blood flow eventually cause a stroke and or a heart attack with the little vessels of the heart itself. Both can be significantly destructive and or fatal.

References

Kalat, J. (2019).Biological psychology(13th ed.). Cengage Learning.