If the nominal wages of carpenters rose by 5 percent in 2013 and the price level increased by 3 percent, then the real wages of carpenters: ["increased by ~ 3 percent", "decreased by ~2 percent", "increased by ~8 percent", "increased by ~2 percent"]. Over the long run, meaning relatively stable prices, real earnings per worker can increase only at about the same rate as the economy's rate of growth of: ["stock of capital", "output per worker", "total output"]

A craft union attempts to increase wage rates by ["shifting the labor supply curve to the left and reducing the labor numbers available to the employer.", "shifting the labor supply curve to the right.", "equating the MRP and the MRC curves", "shifting the MRP curve to the right."]

Somewhat Similarly,Occupational licensing ["has been declared illegal in the majority of states.", "attracts large numbers of workers and therefore depresses wages.", "functions essentially the same as inclusive unionism.", "often restricts occupational entry and raises the incomes of license holders."]

From the "arguments for and against..." The most common argument in support of the minimum wage is that it protects the workers ["with average skills", "at the highest rung of the socio-economic ladder", "with high skills", "at the lowest rung of the socio-economic ladder"]. These workers are said to["need unions to bargain for them", "have the bargaining power", "simply lack the bargaining power"] to push for a higher wage without ["government intervention.", "labor power", "union minimum wage protection"]

Opponents of the minimum wage claim that a fixed minimum wage actually

["really helps the same low-rung workers it vows to protect", "hurts the same low-rung workers it vows to protect", "doesn't impact these workers"]. The minimum wage, they say, is an ["artificial", "necessary", "official"], government-imposed value for an individual worker. The real value of a worker should be["decided in the open market", "decided by the employer only", "decided in the employer's home", "decided in the government"]

Some research shows that higher MW can lead to ["no impact", "less hours worked", "lower productivity", "more hours worked"] as workers tend to seek a predetermined total wage

Brenda owns a construction company that employs bricklayers and other skilled tradesmen. Her firm's MRP for bricklayers is $22.25 per hour for each of the first seven bricklayers, $18.50 for an eighth bricklayer, and $17.75 for a ninth bricklayer.Given that she is a price taker when hiring bricklayers, how many bricklayers will she hire if the market equilibrium wage for bricklayers is $18.00 per hour?["8", "2", "7", "9"]. What if the wage rises to $20?["7", "6", "2", "8"]

In the Out of Frame video on Hollywood we see that one problem confronted by Hollywood producers is ["the rules & regulations", "minimum wages", "work slowdowns", "strikes and sit-ins"] of unions on stage workers that regulate who can move equipment.This ["increases costs", "decreases costs", "increases incentive to film there"] which are disincentives to ["film", "move away", "underproduce"] in Hollywood