In 2005 the United States Supreme Court outlawed the practice of using capital punishment (the death penalty) for juvenile offenders. What was the basis of this ruling?

The recognition that using the death penalty on juveniles presented a clear risk of unnecessary pain, which would violate the constitutional prohibition on "cruel and unusual punishment."

The recognition that juveniles have a biological deficiency in their ability to use good judgment.

The recognition that putting juveniles to death would be more of a punishment for their families than for the juveniles themselves.

The recognition that juveniles are psychologically incapable of being responsible for their own actions.