___. ___.-.- """l'""""" ___..__ ..._.__ _.___. .l'"" ___-. ___.-.._ _-___- _.. . ___._..- ._..-_. EXPERIMENT 3: NEWTDN'S SECOND LA'il'lrI AND THE ATWDDD MACHINE Materials A computer simulation. excel. calculator. Part A: Atwood's Machine Iy'irtual Lab In this activity. you will be using a simple assembly named the Atwood machine that is like that used by Rev. George Atwood in 1?34 to yerify Newton's Second Law. This yirtual lab will help you understand the relationships between acceleration and total mass and acceleration and net mass (net force} using an Atwood Machine simulation . Part BConstant total mass with increase the mass difference [or net force} Page 5 of 13 Newton's Laws 2; Dear student, before the experiment you must select your hypothesis for the next question. How is acceleration affected by an increase in net mass? My initial hypothesis. to answer this research question is [check one} is: If the net mass of the system is increased. then the acceleration increases. If the net mass of the system is increased. then the acceleration decreases. _.._ If the net mass of the system is increased. then the acceleration is not affected. Procedure: You will be using the Atwood Machine Virtual Lab to complete this experiment. The great thing about this lab is you may use any electronic device that can access the Internet! 34. Go to the following website for the simulation: https:ffwwwthephysicsayiagy.comfPhysicsfF'rogramstabsztwoodLabiindexhtml This lab will be completed twice. Once using a constant total mass (where the mass of the system never changes). The second time the lab will be completed with a constant mass difference (a.k.a. Net Force), but the total mass of the system increases with each trial. 35. Since the Atwood's machine apparatus is already set up, you won't need to do anything physical work, only intellectual work. 36. Start with 160 g on the left side (Mass 1) and 150 g on the right side (Mass 2). Use the arrows to change the mass. 37. Record the two masses in the data table for this part. 38. Click the "Start" button to run the simulation. 39. Two graphs will be created at the bottom of the simulation. The first graph is a position vs. time graph. The second graph of velocity vs. time is VERY useful. You need to find two points on the graph and find the slope. Remember, the slope of the graph is m/s2 (is this acceleration?). Or instead, you can do the following: In the simulation scroll down to the raw data below the graphs. Copy & paste the data to the excel program. Delete the position data column. Select the time & velocity data and insert a scatter (X, Y) with smooth line. Click the graph, click in Add chart element, select Trendline and More trendline options. In the left emergent window, scroll down and click on Display Equation on chart. The slope is the m in the y=mx+b equation. This is the Page 7 of 13 Newton's Laws acceleration. Doubts? this is a recording for this part of the experiment: https://vimeo.com/787439076 40. Record the acceleration for each graph (also known as the velocity vs time graph slope) in column 6 in your data table. Copy and paste this velocity vs time excel graph41. . Repeat steps 34-40 until you have completed column 6 of table B. 42. Prepare in excel a X-Y graph of acceleration versus mass difference with the data from table B, columns 5 & 6 and insert it in the space provide below for analysis. Reset the simulation by pressing the "Reset" button just above the apparatus on the first page. Table B: Comparison of acceleration versus increasing net mass difference. 2 5 6 X axis Y axis Net mass or Mass Mass Total mass case Mass Acceleration 1 (g) 2 (9) (g) difference (9) (m/s2) Dependent variable Independent variable a 160 150 310 10 b 165 145 310 20 C 170 140 310 30 d 175 135 310 40 Analysis: 43. Evidence: Insert below the Velocity versus time graphs for cases from case a to d. Include the slope, title, X &Y axis ID and units.Newton's Laws Case a Case b Case c Case d 43a. Answer: What happens to the mass's velocity in the Atwood machine (hint: analyze the previous graphs)?43b. Eyidence: Insert below the acceleration yersus net mass (difference) graph, use the data from table B, columns 5 as, Include the slope. title. X ti '1' axis ID and units. Acceleration yersus Net mass {difference} Graph 43c. What happens to the Atwood machine\" acceleration when the Net mass increase [while the total mass is constant}? Part C Constant mass difference [or net force} with increase of total mass. Constant Mass Difference Before the experiment you must select your Hypothesis for part C. Part B. How is acceleration affected by an increase in total mass? My initial hypothesis. to answer this research question is [check one) for part C is: If the total mass of the system is increased. then the acceleration increases. _._._ If the total mass of the system is increased. then the acceleration decreases. If the total mass of the system is increased. then the acceleration is not affected. 44. Reset the entire simulation. 44a. Use 14D g on Mass 1 and 135 g on Mass 2. 44b. Click the \"Start\" button to run the simulation. 44c. Two graphs will be created at the bottom of the simulation. The first graph is a position vs. time graph. The second graph of velocity vs. time is VERY useful. You need to nd two points on the graph and nd the slope. Remember. the slope of the graph is mis2 [is this acceleration. Cr instead. you can do the following: In the simulation scroll down to the raw data below the graphs. Copy & paste the data to the excel program. Delete the position data column. Select the time 3: velocity data and insert a scatter {KN} with smooth line. Click the graph, click in Add chart element. select Trendiine and More trendiine options. In the left emergent window. scroll down and click on Display Equation on chart. The slope is the m in the y=mx+b equation. This is the acceleration. 45. Record the acceleration (also known as the velocity vs time graph slope) in column 12 in your data table C. Copy and paste this velocity vs time excel graph in the designed space below data table C. 45a. Repeat steps 44 through 45 until you have filled the table. Reset the simulation. Add 5 g to BOTH sides this time. See the masses for each case in data table C. 46. Prepare in excel an X-Y graph of Acceleration versus Total mass with the data from table C, columns 11 & 12 and insert it in the space provided for analysis. Table C: Comparison of Atwood's acceleration versus increasing total mass. Total Mass 1 Mass 2 Net Mass or Acceleration (m/s2) case mass (9) (g) (g) difference (9) Y axis X axis e 140 135 5 275 f 145 140 5 285 g 150 145 5 295 h 155 150 5 305 Analysis: 47. Evidence: Insert below the Velocity versus time graphs for cases from case e to h. Include the slope, title, X & Y axis ID and units. Case eCase f Page 11 of 13 Newton's Laws Case g Case h 47a. Answer: What happens to the mass's velocity in the Atwood machine (hint: analyze the previous graphs)?47b. Evidence: Insert below the acceleration versus total mass graph, use the data from table C, columns 11 & 12. Include the slope, title, X & Y axis ID and units. Acceleration versus Total mass Graph 47c. What happens to the Atwood machine' acceleration when the total mass increase (while the net difference mass remains constant)? Page 12 of 13 Newton's Laws 48. Physics comic strip meaning. After this experiment, use only a few sentences to explain in your own words, the physics meaning of this comic strip. YOU'RE LAZY, I HAPPEN TO BE LAZY, LAZY ) I'M TESTING LAZY LAZY. BODIES AT GARFIELD CONDUCTING THE FIRST LAW LAZY, LAZY! REST TEND A SCIENTIFIC OF PHYSICS... TO STAY AT EXPERIMENT, REST. THANK 400 JIM DAVIS 3-2