Laws and rules governing searches and seizures by the police or other government agents stem from the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. During the nineteenth century search warrants became a way to limit police authority. In the 1914 U.S. Supreme Court caseWeeksv.United States, the Court determined that "where letters and papers of the accused were taken from . . . premises by an official of the United States . . . without any search warrant," a violation of constitutional protections had occurred.

In 1957, Cleveland police officers forcibly entered the home of Dollree Mapp and conducted a warrantless search for a bombing suspect. Although no suspect was found, officers discovered allegedly obscene materials, the possession of which was prohibited under Ohio state law. Mapp was later convicted of possessing obscene materials. She appealed her conviction on the basis that the officers admitted to using a false warrant and the confiscated materials were protected from seizure by the Fourth Amendment.

In 1961, the Supreme Court ruled inMappv.Ohiothat the exclusionary rule, which prevents prosecutors from using evidence in court obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, applied in Mapp's case because the Ohio police officers had obtained the evidence illegally.

After reading the scenario, please respond to A, B, and C below.

A.Referencing the scenario, describe how selective incorporation applies to this scenario and explain how that process impacted theMappv.Ohiodecision.

B:Explain how state legislatures could minimize the impact of the Court's decision inMappv.Ohio.

C: Describe how due process relates to the scenario and explain how changes in the membership of the Court could affect future rulings on this constitutional protection