Luxura Inc. is a large cosmetics company that made an initial small investment in a start$-$up company, GreenDream, that was developing an organic face lotion. This gave Luxura controlling interests in the start$-$up company. However, GreenDream soon began to have financial difficulties because of principal$-$agent problems. As a result, Luxura did not invest in the next stage of development and pulled out of the company. This approach to strategic alliance is referred to as a

real$-$options perspective.

partial joint venture.

break$-$even analysis.

credible commitment.