Manufacturing Inc. purchased a machine on $1$ January $20$X$2$ for $$690,000.$ The estimated physical life of the machine is $15$ years, but the estimated useful life to Manufacturing is $10$ years. The equipment has an estimated residual value of $$178,820.$ The equipment was ready for use on $1$ January $20$X$2.$

Required:

$1.$ Calculate depreciation expense for $20$X$2$ and $20$X$3$ using the straight$-$line method.

$2.$ Assume the machine is anticipated to produce $838,000$ units. In $20$X$2$ the machine produced $169,000$ units and in $20$X$3139,000$ units. Calculate depreciation expense for $20$X$2$ and $20$X$3$ using the productive$-$output method.

$3.$ Calculate depreciation expense for $20$X$2$ and $20$X$3$ using the declining$-$balance method using $40\%.$