Nancy (53) is a casual smoker, divorced, and is a successful sales representative for a multi-national, over-the-counter health-care products manufacturer. She operates by contract and is self-employed for tax purposes. She earns a substantial income and considers purchasing an individual disability insurance policy. The monthly benefit on the individual disability insurance policy at 60% of her income would equate to $5,000 per month. She was adopted as a young child from culturally mixed parents whom she does not know. Therefore, she does not know her family health history from her biological relations. Given Nancy's circumstances and her application for individual disability insurance, which of the following would be the MOST likely outcome?

a) Because benefits will only be payable to Nancy in the event of accidental loss, no medical underwriting will be required.

b) Depending on the creditor protection coverage, Nancy may be offered coverage with little, or no, medical underwriting.

c) Nancy will be required to undergo medical tests and/or a medical examination as part of the underwriting process

d) Medical underwriting of the coverage will generally be done retroactively, at the time of Nancy's claim, not when the policy is issued.