On January 1, 2022, a company issued $1,000,000 of 5-year, 10% bonds at par value. Interest is payable annually on December 31. The company uses straight-line amortization to allocate the bond discount. On December 31, 2022, the market interest rate for similar bonds is 12%. Calculate the following:

a) The amount of interest expense the company should recognize for 2022.
b) The carrying value of the bonds on December 31, 2022.
c) The amount of gain or loss on redemption of the bonds on January 1, 2023, at 102% of par value.