Suppose an optical fibre cable is 4 km long, that there is a connector at each end and there are 10 splices in the cable. The following loss data is provided: The fibre cable loss is 0.25 dB/km. Connector losses are 0.5 dB/connector. Splice losses are 0.25 dB/splice.

i. What is the total loss for the cable?

ii. Suppose the receiver sensitivity of Silicon Avalanche Photo diode is -58 dBm to achieve a data rate of 50 Mbps for a bit error rate of 10-11. What must the minimum transmit power be for this system? Express your answer in dBm.