the application of thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena contribute to the theoretical foundation of chemical engineering? Specifically, how do these principles elucidate the behavior of chemical processes at a molecular level, enabling the design, optimization, and control of industrial$-$scale reactions and unit operations? Furthermore, how do theoretical models and mathematical frameworks, such as reaction rate equations, mass and energy balances, and fluid dynamics equations, serve as the cornerstone for understanding and predicting the performance of chemical systems? Finally, how do advancements in computational methods and simulation techniques enhance the theoretical underpinnings of chemical engineering, facilitating innovation and problem$-$solving in diverse industrial sectors$?$