The financial staff of Cairn Communications has identified the following information for the first year of the roll-out of its new proposed service: Projected sales $20 million Operating costs (not including depreciation) 8 million Depreciation 4 million Interest expense 3 million The company faces a 35% tax rate. What is the project's operating cash flow for the first year (t = 1)?

Write out your answer completely. For example, 2 million should be entered as 2,000,000.

$ ________