The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) and silicon-vacancy (SiV) defects in diamond can lead to many exciting quantum nanotechnologies in physical and biological sciences, including single-photon sensors, nanoscale electronic and magnetic sensing, single-spin nuclear magnetic resonance, nanoscale thermometry, fluorescent biomarkers, nanosensors, quantum communication, and quantum computing at room temperature and above.

1. Draw the atomic and electronic structures of defects with optimum spin relaxation and coherence times, and describe the changes in electronic, magnetic, and optical properties as a result of trapping and de-trapping of electrons.