The notion of pluralistic ignorance is sometimes invoked to explain people's non-response in emergency situations (e.g., the smoke-filled room experiment). Pluralistic ignorance might also be invoked to explain school-yard bullying. For instance, one child is picked on by another child, but rather than other students coming to the targeted child's defense, they instead do nothing or join in the bullying, even though they are actually concerned about the targeted child's welfare. Describe how pluralistic ignorance might explain this phenomenon, making sure to describe concretely at least three important elements of pluralistic ignorance that could be present in this situation.