The return on a stock is the change in its market price plus any dividend payments made. Total return is usually expressed as

a percentage of the beginning price. The histogram is a distribution of the annual returns for all stocks listed on the S&P $500$

from $1928$ to $2018(91$ years$).$ The average return is $11\mathrm{.}36\%,$ with a standard deviation of $19\mathrm{.}58\%.$