The U.S. government is considering changing the driving laws to improve for safety, and you have been consulted as an attention expert. Specifically, you are asked to identify which of the following conditions poses the biggest safety risk on the road. Given the principles of divided attention, your suggestion is that the most dangerous condition is... Group of answer choices When the driver has to park in a crowded parking garage, because the visual scene is much harder to scan when more objects are present. When the driver is stuck in stop-and-go traffic, because binding the color of brake lights to their shape requires significant amounts of attentional resources. When the person has is driving early in the morning, when the person's occipital lobe is still partially asleep. When the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle, because driving is less automatic and subtracts more cognitive resources.

Group of answer choices

When the driver has to park in a crowded parking garage, because the visual scene is much harder to scan when more objects are present.

When the driver is stuck in stop-and-go traffic, because binding the color of brake lights to their shape requires significant amounts of attentional resources.

When the person has is driving early in the morning, when the person's occipital lobe is still partially asleep.

When the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle, because driving is less automatic and subtracts more cognitive resources.

Two groups of subjects in an experiment view a stimulus while hearing a loud noise. The control group sees a face, and the experimental group sees a picture of a firing range. When asked to identify the source of noise, a large portion of the experimental group says it was a gunshot, while the control group reports that someone clapped. Which theory of perception best explains this phenomenon?

Group of answer choices

Bayesian inference.

Broadbent's model of attention

Regularities in the environment.

The distinction between "what" and "where" pathways

Studies in the neuroscience of planning indicate that this function depends critically upon the integrity of the a. prefrontal cortex O b. lateral geniculate nucleus c. medial temporal lobe O d. primary visual cortex Oe. none of the above Simon's analysis of Tower-task problem-solving indicated that subjects use 4 different strategies: O a. goal recursion, simple perceptual, complex perceptual, and "move-pattern" O b. rote repetition, Bayesian inferencing, choice-selection, complex hierarchical OE hierarchical, heterarchical, sweep-out, the "Chandler" method O d. basic recursion, complex recursion, touch-move, channeling Oe. none of the above Deduction can be characterized as reasoning whereas Induction is O a. top-most; bottom-most b. inferential; probabilistic c. old-fashioned; modernA syllogism is an expression of O a, correct reasoning b. deductive reasoning O c. inductive reasoning Od. probabilistic reasoning Ce. unsound reasoning According to the lecturer, Khaneman and Tversky argued that people use mental constructs called to reason about probabilities. O a. consolidations Ob. attentional spotlights O c. heuristics Old. frames Ce. all of the above1. (20pt) Target is a big US retailer. By analyzing female consumer's purchase history, data scientists at Target could predict whether she is pregnant or not. A true story is cited from New York Time as below. U A man walked into a Target outside Minneapolis and demanded to see the manager. He was clutching coupons that had been sent to his daughter, and he was angry, according to an employee who participated in the conversation. "My daughter got this in the mail!" he said. "She's still in high school, and you're sending her coupons for baby clothes and cribs? Are you trying to encourage her to get pregnant?" The manager didn't have any idea what the man was talking about. He looked at the mailer. Sure enough, it was addressed to the man's daughter and contained advertisements for mater. nity clothing, nursery furniture and pictures of amiling infants. The manager apologized and then called a few days later to apologize again. On the phone, though, the father was somewhat abashed. "I had a talk with my daughter," he said. "It turns out there's been some activities in my house I haven't been completely aware of. She's due in August. I owe you an apology." In 2012, there were 3,988,076 new births in the US and US female population was 125,9 million. Assume all pregnancy leads to birth and all female population is in reproductive age. Please use this information to approximately calculate the prior, the probability of pregnancy in female population. Target identified that purchasing 25 specific products together can indicate pregnancy. Sup- pose data scientists at Target found that among pregnant female customers, 95% of them purchase these 25 products all together and among non-pregnant female customers, 0.5% of them purchase these 25 products together. Using Bayesian inference to calculate the proba- bility that a woman is pregnant if Target observes that she purchases all these 25 products