Which application$-$layer protocol is used by all of DeviceNet, ControlNet and Ethernet$/$IP$?(1$ mark$)$

What kind $($level $/$ type$)$ of protocol is it$?(2$ marks$)$

What main features does it provide to DeviceNet? $(5$ marks max$)$

What would be a suitable alternative to DeviceNet, that uses Ethernet as local carrier medium, yet stays closely related to DeviceNet? $($