Which of the following statements about marketing information systems (MIS) is true?

Select one:

a.

The input of marketing managers is not needed in developing an MIS; marketers should leave everything to information technology specialists.

b.

They can be used to improve implementation and control.

c.

A good MIS converts information into raw data.

d.

An MIS provides an alternative to big data.

e.

All these statements are true.