X is a hypothesized cause of a disease, Y. C is a common cause of X and Y. Assume that all relationships are positive (that is all effects are causal and not protective) and that in truth C fully confounds the XY relationship. What would you expect to see in your data (for example using standardization, or stratification using MH methods) if there is non-differential misclassification of C? The adjusted is greater than 1 and more positive than the crude The adjusted equals 1 and is more positive than the crude The adjusted equals 1 and is less positive than the crude The adjusted is greater than 1 and less positive than the crude