You are presented with information concerning two companies. Both have the same degree of business risk. Company U is financed entirely with common stock while company L is financed with $200,000 of perpetual debt that has a coupon interest rate of 7.5% and a yield to maturity of 7.5% (it is priced at face value). The expected net operating income of both companies is $75,000 a year forever. Company U has a cost of equity of 10% while company L has a cost of equity of 12%. Assume no taxes.

1. For each company, calculate the value of equity and the total market value of the company (show the values of debt, stock, total company for each).

2. Are they in equilibrium? If not, which is over valued? What is required for them to be in equilibrium?

3.. If you own 20% of the stock in the overvalued company, what would you do?

4. On the basis of the previous question, calculate the return after the switch and what you would have gotten had you not switched?