Questions and Answers of Physics 11th edition

Which one of the following statements about linear momentum is true (p = magnitude of the momentum, m = mass, and v= speed)?(a) When the magnitude p of the momentum is defined asthe linear momentum
You and your team have been given the task of preparing a gas piston device that is to be deployed to the bottom of the Southern Sea, beneath the Brunt Ice Shelf off the coast of Antarctica. The
An object has a kinetic energy KE and a potential energy PE. It also has a rest energy E0. Which one of the following is the correct way to express the object’s total energy E?(a) E = KE + PE(b) E
On the sunlit surface of Venus, the atmospheric pressure is 9.0 × 106 Pa, and the temperature is 740 K. On the earth’s surface the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa, while the surface
Carbon monoxide is a gas at 0 °C and a pressure of 1.01 × 105 Pa. It is a diatomic gas, each of its molecules consisting of one carbon atom (atomic mass = 12.0 u) and one oxygen atom (atomic mass =
Biologically equivalent doses are specified in units called_______.(a) Rads(b) Grays(c) Rems(d) J/kg(e) roentgens
In a science fiction movie, a strange object is discovered buried deep in the ice of western Antarctica. It appears to be a radioisotope thermoelectric device from a spacecraft, the function of which
You and your team are designing a thermoelectric generator that converts the thermal energy released during the decay of a radioactive material into electrical energy. Such devices are used in
The drawing shows the activities of three radioactive samples. Rank the samples according to half-life, largest first.(a) 2, 3, 1(b) 1, 2, 3(c) 3, 2, 1(d) 1, 3, 2(e) 3, 1,2 2 3 Time Activity
By what factor does the nucleon number of a nucleus have to increase in order for the nuclear radius to double?
The notation for a particular nucleus is 8537Rb. In an electrically neutral atom, how many electrons are in orbit about this nucleus?(a) 37 + 85 = 122(b) 85(c) 37(d) 85 − 37 = 48(e) The number of
An indium (In) nucleus contains 49 protons and 66 neutrons. Which one of the following symbols describes this nucleus? (a) 49115 In(b) 4966 In(c) 11566 In(d) 6649 In(e) 11549 In
Review Example 12 before attempting this problem. A marble and a cube are placed at the top of a ramp. Starting from rest at the same height, the marble rolls without slipping and the cube slides (no
You and your team come to a slow flowing river that you need to cross. The nearest bridge is 20 miles to the north, too dangerous and too far to trek with your group. You explore the area down river
The latent heat of fusion for water is 33.5 × 104 J/kg, while the latent heat of vaporization is 22.6 × 105 J/kg. What mass m of water must be frozen in order to release the amount of heat that
A mixture of ethyl alcohol (molecular mass = 46.1 u) and water (molecular mass = 18.0 u) contains one mole of molecules. The mixture contains 20.0 g of ethyl alcohol. What mass m of water does it
The cylinder in the drawing contains 3.00 mol of an ideal gas. By moving the piston, the volume of the gas is reduced to one-fourth its initial value, while the temperature is held constant. How many
The diffusion rate for a solute is 4.0 × 10−11 kg/s in a solvent-filled channel that has a cross-sectional area of 0.50 cm2 and a length of 0.25 cm. What would be the diffusion rate m/t in a
You and your team are tasked with designing an “electron gun” that operates in a vacuum chamber, the purpose of which is to direct a beam of electrons toward a tiny metallic plate in order to
Review the important features of electric field lines discussed in Conceptual Example 12. Three point charges (+q, +2q, and ‒3q) are at the corners of an equilateral triangle. Sketch in six
The drawing shows a graph of a set of equipotential surfaces seen in cross section. Each is labeled according to its electric potential. A + 2.8 × 10−7 C point charge is placed at position A. Find
Suppose that you hold up a small convex mirror in front of your face. Which answer describes the image of your face?(a) Virtual, inverted(b) Virtual, upright(c) Virtual, enlarged(d) Real, inverted(e)
The drawing shows four situations in which a positively charged particle is moving with a velocity v(vector) through a magnetic field B(vector). In each case, the magnetic field is directed out of
Four views of a horseshoe magnet and a current-carrying wire are shown in the drawing. The wire is perpendicular to the page, and the current is directed out of the page toward you. In which one or
Police use radar guns and the Doppler effect to catch speeders. The figure illustrates a moving car approaching a stationary police car. A radar gun emits an electromagnetic wave that reflects from
You and your team are tasked with covertly acquiring information about a new helicopter being developed by an adversary. You are given a handheld device that has many functions, one of which is to
The Faraday effect is a magneto-optic phenomenon where the polarization of linearly polarized light rotates when the light passes through a magnetized material. You and your team are tasked with
A ray is _______. (a) Always parallel to other rays (b) Parallel to the velocity of the wave (c) Perpendicular to the velocity of the wave (d) Parallel to the wave fronts
You hold the words TOP DOG in front of a plane mirror. What does the image of these words look like?(a) DOG TOP (b) TOP DOG(c) TOP DOG(d) DOG TOP(e) TOP DOG
Rays of light coming from the sun (a very distant object) are near and parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror. After reflecting from the mirror, where will the rays cross each other at a
An object is placed at a known distance in front of a mirror whose focal length is also known. You apply the mirror equation and find that the image distance is a negative number. This result tells
An object is situated at a known distance in front of a convex mirror whose focal length is also known. A friend of yours does a calculation that shows that the magnification is −2. After some
You and your team spot a strange object hovering over the open ocean in broad daylight. You have nothing to reference in order to estimate its distance, height, or size, but you get the idea to use a
You and your team need to estimate the radius of curvature of a panel that had been removed from some unknown object. You were told that the object was spherical and, by the size of the panel (about
Amber (n = 1.546) is a transparent brown-yellow fossil resin. An insect, trapped and preserved within the amber, appears to be 2.5 cm beneath the surface when viewed directly from above. How far
One of your team members lost her glasses in a river. She is nearsighted and cannot see long distances without them. You are on an expedition to map a remote area in southern Argentina, and her
To which one or more of the following situations do the time-dilation and length-contraction equations apply?(a) With respect to an inertial frame, two observers have different constant
You and your team are evaluating a new thruster that will be used to propel a 6.00 × 104 kg ship. The thruster has a power output of 2.88 × 106 W, calculated to initially accelerate the ship at
An astronomer is measuring the electromagnetic radiation emitted by two stars, which are both assumed to be perfect blackbody emitters. For each star she makes a plot of the radiation intensity per
Does a photon, like a moving particle such as an electron, have a momentum?(a) No, because a photon is a wave, and a wave does not have a momentum.(b) No, because a photon has no mass, and mass is
You and your team are tasked with sorting a hundred metallic samples composed of pure silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), indium (In), or cobalt (Co). The problem is the they all look the same (metallic) and
Which one of the following statements is false?(a) The orbits in the Bohr model have precise sizes, whereas in the quantum mechanical picture of the hydrogen atom they do not.(b) In the absence of
Each of the following answers indicates the quantum mechanical states of two electrons, A and B. Which pair of states could not describe two of the electrons in a multiple-electron atom?a.b.c.d.e. me
The voltage across an X-ray tube is 35.0 kV. Suppose that the molybdenum (Z = 42) target in the X-ray tube is replaced by a silver (Z = 47) target. Determine(a) The tube’s cutoff
In the Balmer series for the atomic emission of hydrogen, emission lines with n going from 3 → 2, 4 → 2, 5 → 2, and 6 → 2 are in the visible spectrum.(a) What are the wavelengths of the light
The energy of the n = 2 Bohr orbit is −30.6 eV for an unidentified ionized atom in which only one electron moves about the nucleus. What is the radius of the n = 5 orbit for this species?
Consider a particle of mass m that can exist only between x = 0 m and x = +L on the x axis. We could say that this particle is confined to a “box” of length L. In this situation, imagine the
A hydrogen atom (Z = 1) is in the third excited state, and a photon is either emitted or absorbed. Concepts: (i) What is the quantum number of the third excited state? (ii) When an atom
The K-shell and L-shell ionization energies of a metal are 8979 eV and 951 eV, respectively. Concepts:(i) How is a Kα photon produced, and how much energy does it have?(ii) What must be the minimum
A series RCL circuit is composed of a resistor (R = 220 Ω), two identical capacitors (C = 3.50 nF) connected in series, and two identical inductors (L = 5.50 × 10−5 H) connected in series. You
Radio jamming is the intentional disruption or interference of radio communications by overwhelming the intended receivers of the signal with random noise. You and your team have been tasked with
The table shows the rms voltage VC across the capacitor and the rms voltage VL across the inductor for three series RCL circuits. In which circuit does the rms voltage across the entire RCL
Each of the four phasor diagrams represents a different circuit. V0 and I0 represent, respectively, the maximum voltage of the generator and the current in the circuit. Which circuit contains
You and your team are designing a generator using a stationary bike to rotate a coil in a uniform magnetic field. The gearing is set up so that the coil rotates 60 times for one complete rotation of
You and your team are exploring an abandoned science facility on the coast of western Antarctica when a large storm hits, and it is clear that you will be stuck there for a few days. You and the
Hydrogen has three isotopes 1H (m1 = mp), 2H (m2 ≌ 2mp), and 3H (ms ≌ 3mp), where mp is the mass of a proton (1.67 × 10–27 kg). You and your team are tasked with constructing an isotope
Electron beams are sometimes used to melt and evaporate metals in order to deposit thin metallic films on surfaces (similar to gold plating). One method is to put the material to be evaporated
The drawing shows two wires that both carry the same current of I = 85.0 A and are oriented perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The current in one wire is directed out of the paper, while the
You and your team are designing a small tube heater that consists of a small ceramic tube wrapped with a special heater wire composed of Nichrome. When you run an electrical current through the wire,
You and your team are stranded on a tropical island that hosts a deserted military base. In your efforts to get rescued, you find a radio. However, when you power it up some lights turn on, but the
The time constant of an RC circuit is 2.6 s. How much time t is required for the capacitor (uncharged initially) to gain one-half of its full equilibrium charge?
In 2.0 s, 1.9 × 1019 electrons pass a certain point in a wire. What is the current I in the wire?
A certain windmill produces an average of 0.50 MW of electrical power during the late evening hours when energy consumption is at a low (a four-hour span). An industrial capacitor (the “BC125”)
You and your team are designing a device that creates a beam of high-velocity protons. The device consists of a parallel-plate capacitor in which protons start at rest at the positive plate. The
Refer to Multiple-Concept Example 3 to review the concepts that are needed here. A cordless electric shaver uses energy at a rate of 4.0 W from a rechargeable 1.5-V battery. Each of the charged
The drawing shows a square, each side of which has a length of L = 0.25 m. On two corners of the square are fixed different positive charges, q1 and q2. Find the electric potential energy of a third
You and your team are designing a device that can be used to position a small, plastic object in the region between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor. A small plastic sphere of mass m = 1.20
Review Conceptual Example 11 before attempting to work this problem. The magnitude of each of the charges in Figure 18.20 is 8.60 × 10‒12 C. The lengths of the sides of the rectangles are 3.00 cm
A cubical Gaussian surface surrounds two charges, q1 = +6.0 × 10‒12 C and q2 = ‒2.0 × 10‒12 C, as the drawing shows. What is the electric flux passing through the surface? +
You and your team are designing a tunable, single-tone, acoustic emitter. One end of a string is connected to a post on the top of a frictionless inclined plane. The string supports a mass at rest
You and your team are exploring an antiquated research facility in the mountains of southern Argentina that had been abandoned in the 1960s. You come to a giant locked door that has no visible
Review Conceptual Example 5 before attempting this problem. As the drawing shows, the length of a guitar string is 0.628 m. The frets are numbered for convenience. A performer can play a musical
Multiple-Concept Example 4 deals with the same concepts as this problem. A 41-cm length of wire has a mass of 6.0 g. It is stretched between two fixed supports and is under a tension of 160 N. What
A source emits sound uniformly in all directions. There are no reflections of the sound. At a distance r1 from the source, the sound is 7.0 dB louder than it is at a distance r2 from the source. What
A source emits sound uniformly in all directions. There are no reflections of the sound. At a distance of 12 m from the source, the intensity of the sound is 5.0 × 10−3 W/m2. What is the total
Review Conceptual Example 6 as an aid in understanding this problem. Consider the pump on the right side of Figure 11.10, which acts to reduce the air pressure in the pipe. The air pressure outside
Refer to Conceptual Example 2 as an aid in solving this problem. A 100-coil spring has a spring constant of 420 N/m. It is cut into four shorter springs, each of which has 25 coils. One end of a
Review Conceptual Example 2 as an aid in solving this problem. An object is attached to the lower end of a 100-coil spring that is hanging from the ceiling. The spring stretches by 0.160 m. The
A platform is rotating with an angular speed of 3.00 rad/s and an angular acceleration of 11.0 rad/s2. At a point on the platform that is 1.25 m from the axis of rotation, what is the magnitude of
You and your team get a distress call from another ship indicating that there has been an explosion and their propulsion and navigation systems are now off line. A large piece of their ship has been
The power needed to accelerate a projectile from rest to its launch speed υ in a time t is 43.0 W. How much power is needed to accelerate the same projectile from rest to a launch speed of 2υ in a
The drawing shows four moving pulses. Although shown as separated, the four pulses exactly overlap each other at the instant shown. Which combination of these pulses would produce a resultant pulse
You and your team are on a reconnaissance mission in a submarine exploring a mysterious object in the cold waters of the Weddell Sea, off the coast of Antarctica. The sonar indicates that the object,
You and your team are asked to determine the hearing safety parameters for a loud experiment. Since the sound will persist for only a short time, the allowed intensity level that will not result in
A member of an aircraft maintenance crew wears protective earplugs that reduce the sound intensity by a factor of 350. When a jet aircraft is taking off , the sound intensity level experienced by the
Review Conceptual Example 8 as background for this problem. A loudspeaker is generating sound in a room. At a certain point, the sound waves coming directly from the speaker (without reflecting from
Using an intensity of 1 × 10−12 W/m2 as a reference, the threshold of hearing for an average young person is 0 dB. Person 1 and person 2, who are not average, have thresholds of hearing that are
A typical adult ear has a surface area of 2.1 × 10−3 m2. The sound intensity during a normal conversation is about 3.2 × 10−6 W/m2 at the listener’s ear. Assume that the sound strikes the
An echo is sound that returns to you after being reflected from a distant surface (e.g., the side of a cliff ). Assuming that the distances involved are the same, an echo under water and an echo in
The equation that describes a transverse wave on a string isy = (0.0120 m) sin [(483 rad /s) t − (3.00 rad /m) x]where y is the displacement of a string particle and x is the position of the
Domino toppling is an event in which a large number of dominoes are lined up close together and then allowed to topple, one after the other. The disturbance that propagates along the line of dominoes
A monatomic gas is contained in a long, vertical cylinder of inner radius r = 14.0 cm. A movable piston of negligible mass is inserted in the cylinder at a height h = 1.20 m. Initially, the gas
You and your team are tasked with evaluating the parameters of a high-performance engine. The engine compresses the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder to make it ignite rather than igniting it with a
Three moles of an ideal monatomic gas are at a temperature of 345 K. Then, 2438 J of heat is added to the gas, and 962 J of work is done on it. What is the final temperature of the gas?
The three Carnot engines shown in the drawing operate with hot and cold reservoirs whose temperature differences are 100 K. Rank the efficiencies of the engines, largest to smallest.(a) All engines
The drawing shows the expansion of three ideal gases. Rank the gases according to the work they do, largest to smallest.(a) A, B, C(b) A and B (a tie), C(c) B and C (a tie), A(d) B, C, A (e) C, A, B
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change ΔU in the internal energy of a system is given by ΔU = Q − W, where Q is the heat and W is the work. Both Q and W can be positive or
All but one of the following statements are true. Which one is not true?(a) A mass (in grams) equal to the molecular mass (in atomic mass units) of a pure substance contains the same number of
You are designing a system to cool an insulated silver plate of dimensions 2.00 cm × 2.00 cm × 0.50 cm. One end of a thermally insulated copper wire (diameter D = 2.50 mm and length L = 15.0 cm) is
The processing chip on the computer that controls the navigation equipment on your spacecraft is overheating. Unless you fix the problem, the chip will be damaged and the navigation system will shut

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