Section 9.7.2 discusses the concept of variance reduction. Two methods of variance reduction are introduced in the book, common random numbers (Section 8.3.2) and antithetic variates (Section 9.7.2).

A number of other methods of variance reduction have been proposed.

Investigate the theory and application of variance reduction in more depth. What approaches are available? When might they be used? What are their strengths and weaknesses? Use the references in Section 9.7.2 as a starting point.