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social science
behavioral psychology

Questions and Answers of Behavioral Psychology

8. After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the highway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day.Which psychological therapy might best help
7. The technique of teaches people to relax in the presence of progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli.
6. Behavior therapies often use techniques, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.
5. The goal of behavior therapy is toa. identify and treat the underlying causes of the problem.b. improve learning and insight.c. eliminate the unwanted behavior.d. improve communication and social
4. A therapist who restates and clarifies the client’s statements is practicing the technique of .
3. Compared with psychoanalysts, humanistic therapists are more likely to emphasizea. hidden or repressed feelings.b. childhood experiences.c. psychological disorders.d. self-fulfillment and growth.
2. therapies are designed to help individuals discover the unconscious thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.
1. A therapist who helps clients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams, is drawing froma. psychoanalysis.b. humanistic
LOQ 16-7: What are the aims and benefits of group and family therapies?
LOQ 16-6: What are the goals and techniques of the cognitive therapies and of cognitive-behavioral therapy?
LOQ 16-5: What is the main premise of behavior therapy based on operant conditioning principles, and what are the views of its proponents and critics?
LOQ 16-4: How does the basic assumption of behavior therapy differ from the assumptions of psychodynamic and humanistic therapies? What classical conditioning techniques are used in exposure
LOQ 16-3: What are the basic themes of humanistic therapy? What are the goals and techniques of Rogers’ person-centered approach?
LOQ 16-2: What are the goals and techniques of psychoanalysis, and how have they been adapted in psychodynamic therapy?
LOQ 16-1: How do psychotherapy and the biomedical therapies differ?
RP-8 What is cognitive-behavioral therapy, and what sorts of problems does this therapy best address?
RP-7 A critical attribute of the developed by Aaron Beck focuses on the belief that changing people’s thinking can change their functioning.
RP-6 How do the humanistic and cognitive therapies differ?
Have you ever struggled to reach a goal at school or work because of your own self-defeating thoughts? How could you challenge those thoughts?
What is your judgment of behavior modification techniques, such as those used in token economies? Do you agree or disagree with this approach?
RP-5 Exposure therapies and aversive conditioning are applications of conditioning. Token economies are an application of conditioning.
RP-4 Some maladaptive behaviors are learned. What hope does this fact provide?
RP-3 What are the insight therapies, and how do they differ from behavior therapies?
RP-2 What might a psychodynamic therapist say about Mowrer’s therapy for bed-wetting? How might a behavior therapist defend it?
Think of your closest friends. Do they tend to express more empathy than those you feel less close to? How might you more deeply and actively listen to your friends?
RP-1 In psychoanalysis, when patients experience strong feelings for their therapist, this is called .Patients are said to demonstrate anxiety when they put up mental blocks around sensitive
=+36-5 Describe the relationship between thinking and language, and discuss the value of thinking in images.
=+36-4 Discuss the brain areas that are involved in language processing and speech.
=+36-3 Discuss the milestones in language development, and identify the critical period for acquiring language.
=+ 36-2 Discuss how we acquire language, and explain the concept of universal grammar.
=+36-1 Describe the structural components of a language.
=+5. After seeing a news story about a kidnapping, we are more afraid of kidnapping, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following is the term for this phenomenon?a. Intuition
=+4. Many people prefer meat that is 80 percent lean instead of 20 percent fat, even though they are the same thing. Which concept is being used when the same information is presented in a more
=+3. Thom still believes that the congresswoman is an honest person even after she is arrested and sent to jail. Thom is now experiencinga. framing.b. intuition.c. insight.d. belief perseverance.e.
=+2. Thom believes that his congresswoman is an honest woman. He looks for examples of her giving to charity and ignores her ethics violations, which have recently been in the news. Thom is being
=+1. A methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a par- ticular problem is called a(n)a. heuristic.b. algorithm.c. insight.d. mental set.e. confirmation bias.
=+35-5 Discuss how smart thinkers use intuition.
=+35-4 Describe how our decisions and judgments are affected by overconfidence, belief perseverance, and framing.
=+35-3 Discuss the factors that exaggerate our fear of unlikely events.
=+35-2 Discuss the meaning of intuition, and describe how the availability and representativeness heuristics influence our decisions and judgments.
=+35-1 Describe the cognitive strategies that assist our problem solving and the obstacles that hinder it.
=+4-2 Discuss the factors associated with creativity, and describe some ways of fostering creativity.
=+34-1 Define cognition, and describe the functions of concepts.
=+33-5 Discuss how you can use memory research findings to do better in this and other courses.
=+33-4 Describe the reliability of young children's eyewitness descriptions.
=+33-3 Analyze why reports of repressed and recovered memories have been so hotly debated.
=+33-2 Discuss how misinformation, imagination, and source amnesia influence our memory construction, and describe how we decide whether a memory is real or false.
=+33-1 Explain why we forget.
=+32-6 Analyze how external cues, internal emotions, and order of appearance influence memory retrieval.
=+32-5 Explain how changes at the synapse level affect our memory processing.
=+32-4 Discuss how emotions affect our memory processing.
=+32-3 Describe the roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in memory processing.
=+32-2 Describe the roles of the frontal lobes and hippocampus in memory processing.
=+32-1 Discuss the capacity of and location of our long-term memories.
=+ 5. Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?a. Thinking about how the words relate to your own lifeb. Practicing the words for a single extended
=+4. Which of the following is most likely to be encoded automatically?a. The side-angle-side geometry theoremb. The names of the last 10 U.S. presidentsc. What you ate for breakfast this morningd.
=+3. Meloni's new friend from another state just gave her his phone number. As she goes to enter the number into her contacts list she finds that she cannot remember all the numbers in their right
=+ 2. In history class, James is effortfully connecting the new material to what he has learned in the past. This making of connections in the moment best describes James'a. iconic memory.d. echoic
=+1. Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?a. Storageb. Recognitionc. Relearningd. Recalle.
=+31-8 Discuss the levels of processing and their effect on encoding.
=+31-7 Describe the effortful processing strategies that help us remember new information.
=+31-6 Describe our short-term and working memory capacity.
=+31-5 Explain how sensory memory works.
=+31-4 Discuss the information we process automatically.
=+31-3 Describe the differences between explicit and implicit memories.
=+ 31-2 Discuss how psychologists describe the human memory system.
=+31-1 Define memory, and explain how memory is measured.
=+30-3 Discuss the violence-viewing effect.
=+ 30-2 Discuss the impact of prosocial modeling and of antisocial modeling.
=+O 30-1 Differentiate observational learning from associative learning, and explain how observational learning may be enabled by neural mirroring.
=+ 3. Elephants appear to have excellent. because they can remember large sections of their territory.a. latent learningb. insightc. cognitive mapsd. extrinsic motivatione. mirror neurons
=+5. A woman had been pondering a problem for days and was about to give up when, suddenly, the solution came to her. Her experience can be best described as what?a. Cognitive mappingb. Insightc.
=+4. The perception that we control our own fate is also called what?a. Self-controlb. Learned helplessnessc. Internal locus of controld. External locus of controle. Emotion-focused coping
=+ 2. Which ability is likely to predict good adjustment, better grades, and social success?a. Self-controlb. An external locus of controlc. Problem-focused copingd. Learned helplessnesse.
=+1. When parents offer good-grade rewards to children who already enjoy studying, they may find that the children no longer enjoy studying and only enjoy the rewards. Which of the following have the
=+29-5 Explain why self-control is important, and discuss whether it can be depleted.
=+29-4 Describe how a perceived lack of control can affect people's behavior and health.
=+ 29-3 Identify the two ways people learn to cope with personal problems.
=+29-2 Explain how cognitive processes affect classical and operant conditioning.
=+29-1 Explain how biological constraints affect classical and operant conditioning.
=+4. Superstitious behavior can be produced bya. placing a conditioned response (CR) before a conditioned stimulus (CS).b. the accidental timing of rewards.c. possession of a large number of
=+3. The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished response is calleda. acquisition.b. spontaneous recovery.c. discrimination.d. operant conditioning.e. classical conditioning.
=+2. Which of the following is the best advice to give parents whose young children refuse to eat their dinner?a. Do not allow them to watch television for a week for each day they do not eat
=+1. Paola has been classically conditioned to fear a red light because it has been paired with a loud noise. If the light is repeatedly presented without the loud noise she will eventually stop
=+28-2 Identify the char- acteristics that distinguish operant conditioning from classical conditioning.
=+28-1 Discuss ways to apply operant condition- ing principles at school, in sports, at work, at home, for self-improvement, and to manage stress.
=+ 5. Shea bought 10 tickets for the raffle for free homecoming entry, but she did not win. Months later she also buys 10 tickets for the senior prom raffle, hoping this will be the time she wins.
=+4. All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except aa. rat's food reward in a Skinner box.b. cold drink on a hot day.c. high score on an exam for which a student studied
=+3. Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favor- able consequences become more likely to be repeated is known as what?a. Law of effectb. Operant conditioningc. Shapingd. Respondent
=+a. John stops shooting bad free-throws because his coach benches him when he does.b. Brian studies hard because it eams him "A" grades in math.c. Lillian used to walk to school but does not do so
=+2. Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?
=+1. The purpose of reinforcement is toa. cause a behavior to stop.b. cause a behavior to diminish.c. cause a behavior to continue.d. strengthen the spontaneous recovery process.e. cause a behavior
=+27-6 Describe why Skinner's ideas provoked controversy.
=+27-5 Differentiate pun- ishment from negative rein- forcement, and explain how punishment affects behavior.
=+27-4 Explain how differ- ent reinforcement schedules affect behavior.
=+27-3 Differentiate positive reinforcement from negative reinforcement, and identify the basic types of reinforcers.
=+27-2 Identify Skinner, and describe how operant behavior is reinforced and shaped.
=+27-1 Describe operant conditioning.
=+6. Students in a school are accustomed to moving to the next class when music plays. After a period of time, the princi- pal replaces the music with a bell to signal the end of class. If one day he
=+5. Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Students

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