Explain how the following had sampling bias, and explain what it means to call their samples “volunteer samples.”

(a) The BBC in Britain requested viewers to call the network and indicate their favorite poem. Of more than 7500 callers, more than twice as many voted for Rudyard Kipling’s “If” than for any other poem. The BBCreported that this was the clear favorite.

(b) A mail-in questionnaire published in TV Guide posed the question “Should the President have the Line Item Veto to eliminate waste?” Of those who responded, 97%

said yes. For the same question posed to a random sample, 71% said yes.5