11.68 The article “Trial Lawyers and Testosterone: Blue-Collar Talent in a White-Collar World” (Journal of Applied Social Psychology [1998]: 84– 94) compared trial lawyers and nontrial lawyers on the basis of mean testosterone level. Random samples of 35 male trial lawyers, 31 male nontrial lawyers, 13 female trial lawyers, and 18 female nontrial lawyers were selected for study.

The article includes the following statement:

“Trial lawyers had higher testosterone levels than did nontrial lawyers. This was true for men, t(64) 5 3.75, p , .001, and for women, t(29) 5 2.26, p , .05.”

a. Based on the information given, is the mean testosterone level for male trial lawyers significantly greater than for male nontrial lawyers?

b. Based on the information given, is the mean testosterone level for female trial lawyers significantly greater than for female nontrial lawyers?

c. Do you have enough information to carry out a test to determine whether there is a significant difference in the mean testosterone levels of male and female trial lawyers? If so, carry out such a test. If not, what additional information would you need to be able to conduct the test?