3. Representative Bart Stupak, Congressional Record (November 18, 2004): H9992. This speech was delivered to the U.S. House of Representatives:

I come tonight to put people first, to put our children first as I continue to speak out against the acne drug Accutane. As a legislator, I have called for more restrictions on the distribution and use of this drug, which is known to cause severe birth defects and a form of impulsive behavior and depression in young people taking this drug. This drug has devastated my family with the loss of our son BJ and more than 250 other families who have lost their young son or daughter across this nation while they were taking Accutane.

As we were flying back from Little Rock, Arkansas, CBS news ran a story tonight, and I quote an FDA safety reviewer, Dr. David Graham, when he spoke to the Senate Finance Committee. Dr. Graham said, “I would argue that the FDA as currently configured is incapable of protecting America against another Vioxx.” He told the Senate Finance Committee that “there are at least five other drugs on the market today that should be looked at seriously to see whether they should remain on the market.” He cited the acne drug Accutane. This chapter provided a number of strategies arguers could use to relate their arguments to the orientations of their audiences and to enhance their own credibility. These included the following:

A. Use premises the audience accepts.

B. Use audience values and principles for supporting your reasoning.

C. Cite authorities the audience is likely to respect.

D. Use novel evidence.

E. Keep the audience interested and involved in the argument.

F. Focus on issues the audience is likely to be concerned about.

G . Be aware of possible audience objections and reservations.

H. Appear attractive, and emphasize similarities you share with the audience.

I. Emphasize your own and your source’s experience with the topic.

J. Use unbiased and reluctant testimony.

K. Avoid inconsistency.

L. Craft your narrative so that it has probability and fidelity for your audience.

Examine each of the arguments below in which the speaker or writer adheres to or violates one or more of these strategies. Decide whether the audience would respond more or less favorably to the argument because of what is said. Also, decide which of the strategies the arguer uses or violates.

Some information about the audience is provided.