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organizational behavior and management
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Behavior And Management
Milgram’s experiment on obedience revealed that 65 percent of participants in his study were willing to administer__________ shocks when asked to do so by the experimenter even though screams could
__________ refers to encouraging or assisting individuals and groups to make decisions that affect their work environments.a. Groupthinkb. Empowermentc. Job enlargementd. Problem solving
Consultation, ingratiating tactics, and personal appeals are all known as__________ tactics.a. political influenceb. developmentalc. devil’s advocated. compliance
True or false: Self-promotion and intimidation are two types of impression management tactics.a. Trueb. False
True or false: Referent power is based on a subordinate’s identification with a superior.a. Trueb. False
A lower-level employee can build his or her__________ power by developing special skills and knowledge that are highly valued within the department or organization.a. legitimateb. rewardc. coercived.
If you wanted to gain compliance from subordinates, what type of power would you use? Explain what compliance means.
Facebook, with an estimated 300 million users, and MySpace, with 115 million monthly visitors worldwide, are the two largest and most popular social networking sites in the United States. Both
What is the difference between functional and dysfunctional conflict? Can conflict that starts off as functional become dysfunctional? Can dysfunctional conflict be changed to functional?
Personal specialties, natural sequence of work, and vertical plane are approaches to which of the following?a. Delegation of authorityb. Utilization analysisc. Division of labord. Both a and b are
In a recent article, Forbes automotive columnist Jerry Flint recounts Ford Motor’s ambitious goal in 1966 that they would produce an electric car in five to 10 years. Flint recalls after numerous
True or false: The phrase “span of control” refers to the total number of product and customer divisions under a single manager’s control.a. Trueb. False
A matrix organization is characterized by which of the following statements?a. It attempts to combine the elements of two organizational forms.b. It requires employees to follow decisions made by
The greater the number of different jobs and/or units within an organization, the greater the level of__________ within the organization.a. socializationb. trainingc. complexityd. authoritarianism
According to Henri Fayol, the_________ principle suggests that all communications within an organization from the lowest-level employee must pass through each superior in the chain of command.a.
The type of organizational design that emphasizes production and efficiency while being highly formalized, centralized, and complex is known as the___________ model.a. mechanisticb. automatedc.
True or false: Managers can shape an organization’s structure by making decisions about division of labor, authority, departmentalization, and span of control.a. Trueb. False
___________is the process by which authority is distributed downward in an organization.a. Job enlargementb. Vertical integrationc. Delegationd. Horizontal utilization
Matrix organizations are best described by which of the following statements:a. They exist in the middle of a continuum with mechanistic organizations at one extreme and organic organizations at the
A collection of geographically distributed, functionally and/or culturally diverse aggregations of individuals that are linked by electronic forms of communication is known as a ___________.a.
The use of power or authority to bring about a change in behavior, structure, or technology implies a reliance on ___________.a. incentivesb. historyc. coerciond. evaluation
It was about 2 p.m. when three Nucor Corp. electricians got the call from their colleagues at the Hickman, Arkansas, plant. It was bad news: Hickman’s electrical grid had failed. For a minimill
Individuals in general resist change because they___________ what may possibly happen to them.a. trustb. reinforcec. resentd. fear
The forces for change are usually classified as being ___________forces.a. environmental and regulatoryb. internal and externalc. management and leadershipd. contingency and systems
Why is diagnosing a situation sometimes bypassed or avoided by managers?
A method of focusing on positive or potential opportunities associated with change is referred to as ___________.a. network miningb. appreciative inquiryc. flex-sited. total quality systems
The implementation of the change method has two dimensions:___________ and ___________.a. cost and commitmentb. timing and scopec. cost and timingd. timing and commitment
Managerial actions that attempt to improve effectiveness by introducing change through formal policies and procedures are referred to as___________ approaches to change.a. structuralb. policyc.
Reengineering as a change strategy consists of streamlining, integrating, and ___________.a. finalizingb. evaluatingc. transformingd. producing
The concept of intervention in a change program refers to entering an organization unit, or project, for the purpose of helping to improve its ___________.a. managementb. leadershipc. philosophyd.
The concept of unfreezing old learning, instilling new learning, and refreezing the new learning was introduced by ___________.a. Maslowb. Herzbergc. Fiedlerd. Lewin
Peter Drucker introduced a concept that focuses on proactive management that is called ___________.a. statistical process controlb. management by objectivesc. engineering reversald. PERT
True or false: An employee’s work environment has no influence on whether he or she will engage in substance abuse.a. Trueb. False
Sexual harassment is a specific type of misbehavior. Some refer to sexual harassment as a form of _______________.a. white-collar crimeb. business organization problemc. violenced. manufacturing
Employee theft losses to employers are at least more than the total cost of street crime annually.a. 3 timesb. 10 timesc. 50 timesd. 100 times
True or false: Employers can read e-mails sent over their computer systems even if employees are not informed of the policy.a. Trueb. False
A heuristic framework for helping managers cope with theft is called .a. crime stopperb. audit checkc. steald. honesty
Sabotage often targets equipment, operations, and .a. peopleb. filesc. systemsd. work products
Research suggests that employees who are the target of uncivil behavior may react in each of the following ways except for .a. Lower levels of creativityb. Increased violence against the harasserc.
The opportunity to commit fraud in an organization is typically addressed through .a. polygraph testingb. internal controlsc. workshopsd. strict budgetary modeling
Workplace bullies have been known to possess high levels of .a. self-confidenceb. aggressionc. sleep deprivationd. social problems
Studies have found that managers spend about percent of their time resolving workplace conflicts.a. 2b. 9c. 13d. 25
What types of things might an employee do when seeking revenge against an organization?Against a co-worker?
Can Enron-type managerial misbehavior be stopped or eliminated? How?
In the near future, will organizations have at their disposal tests that can precisely identify job candidates with a high propensity to misbehave? Explain.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries reported that 11,613 workplace homicides occurred in the United States between 1992 and 2006 and averaged about 800 per
Stress of a short duration is often referred to as __________.a. randomb. prolongedc. acuted. hassle-free
A pioneer researcher who introduced the hardiness factor is __________.a. Rosenmanb. Selyec. Kobasad. Richards
True or false: Karoshi is what the Japanese refer to as working oneself to death.a. Trueb. False
Emotional exhaustion is a major concept in discussing __________.a. Type A behaviorb. burnoutc. depersonalizationd. eustress
True or false: There are four different ways to categorize person–environment fit.a. Trueb. False
True or false: The typical Type A behavior pattern (TABP) is considered a moderator of the stressor, stress, and consequences relationship.a. Trueb. False
Stress is considered to be an ______________ response.a. environmentalb. adaptivec. energy accessd. obstacle
A person is in a state of ______________ when compliance with one set of expectations is in conflict with compliance in another set of expectations.a. eustressb. delegationc. role conflictd. status
The underload–overload optimal stress continuum graphically represents ______________.a. a negative thresholdb. an equationc. biochemical changesd. an inverted “U”
True or false: Over a four-year period, Johnson & Johnson’s wellness program saved the company over $38 million.a. Trueb. False
It has been suggested that “stress is in the eyes of the beholder.” What does this mean? Do you agree?
What role can managers play in helping their employees use a problem-focused strategy to cope with excessive job stress?
What are the different kinds of person–environment fit? What can employees and managers do to maximize these different types of fit?
Paul Keller tripped the sequence switches at control monitor 23 in accordance with the countdown instruction just to his left. All hydraulic systems were functioning normally in the second stage of
A(n)__________ is a group of individuals who are working as a unit to complete a project or job assignment.a. informal groupb. command groupc. task groupd. formal group
Assigning group members to a secretive research and development project that operates outside of normal company operations in order to create innovative products is known as a __________ .a. stealth
In a manufacturing setting, employees whose performance is similar to the standard performance of other employees (i.e., group norm) who perform similar tasks are said to be operating in the
Making a group more homogeneous and smaller are two steps that can group__________ members.a. increase conflict amongb. decrease the amount of communication betweenc. have no effect ond. increase
In a work setting, an employee who produces more than anyone else in the group is known as a __________ .a. zone hitterb. rate-busterc. norm expanderd. None of the above (a–c) are correct.
Playing devil’s advocate and inviting outside experts to give feedback on group processes and proposed solutions are two ways to guard against __________.a. group collectivismb. group conflictc.
__________is the deterioration of the mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment of the individual members of a group in the interest of group solidarity.a. Group dissolutionb. Group
A__________ team is a geographically distributed, functionally and/or culturally diverse group of individuals who rely on interactive technology such as e-mail, Web casts, and videoconferencing to
True or false: Communication, conflict resolution, and problem-solving skills will help a person be a better team member.a. Trueb. False
The “performing stage” of group development is characterized by __________.a. terminating group activitiesb. conflict and confrontationc. accomplishing accepted tasksd. developing group cohesion
You will never meet Catherine, Anna, Maria, or Monica. But the future success of Sweden’s Electrolux depends on what these four women think.Catherine, for instance, a Type A career woman who is a
___________conflict is a confrontation or interaction between groups that hinders the achievement of organizational goals.a. Negligentb. Psychologicalc. Task-orientedd. Dysfunctional
True or false: The risk of intergroup conflict is low when two departments (e.g., manufacturing and shipping departments) in a company are sequentially interdependent.a. Trueb. False
In conflict situations where a group’s members feel threatened, a group is likely to do each of the following except __________.a. become more loyal to the groupb. desire strong, autocratic
__________is a type of planned intervention that is meant to build self-awareness and camaraderie among members of a team.a. Team buildingb. Conflict developmentc. Team formationd. Conflict avoidance
Distorted perceptions, negative stereotyping, and decrease in communication are changes __________and occur due to dysfunctional conflict.a. between groupsb. within groupsc. Both a and b are
“The nibble” and “splitting the difference” are both examples of __________.a. intergroup conflictb. team-building exercisesc. negotiation tacticsd. dysfunctional conflict
__________interdependence requires no interaction between groups because each group can perform its tasks separately.a. Pooledb. Jointc. Collectived. Unique
Thinking back to the different approaches to conflict resolution, the__________ approach is when one group places maximum focus on meeting its own concerns.a. avoidingb. collaboratingc.
True or false: The dominating approach to conflict resolution is appropriate to use when your group is certain it is right and where the benefit of a resolution outweighs the drawback of possible
Bringing outside individuals into the group, stimulating competition among groups, and using a devil’s advocate form of programmed conflict are all ways of __________ .a. making groups fight with
True or false: The most important factor in achieving high job performance is an employee’s willingness to perform at that level.a. Trueb. False
There are many steps in the motivational process. Which step follows after identification of need deficiencies and searching for ways to satisfy those needs?a. Goal-directed behaviorb. Performancec.
Maslow’s needs hierarchy, Alderfer’s ERG, and McClelland’s learned needs theories can be classified as ________.a. process theoriesb. content theoriesc. learning theoriesd. both a and c are
Herzberg referred to such components as salary, job security, and working conditions as ________and reasoned that these conditions were needed to keep employees from becoming dissatisfied.a.
________is when an employee feels that the organization has failed to fulfill an unwritten exchange agreement between the individual and the organization.a. Expectancy contract violationb.
______________ motivational theories describe, explain, and analyze how behavior is energized, directed, sustained, and stopped.a. Currentb. Processc. Developmentald. Content
True or false: According to Maslow, “safety and security” needs are higher in the need hierarchy than “esteem” needs.a. Trueb. False
______________ is an area of organizational science research that focuses on the perceived fairness of the communication provided to employees from authorities.a. Procedural justiceb. Informational
True or false: McClelland’s learned needs theory states that motivation is closely linked to learning concepts, and the three learned needs that individuals can possess are the need for
According to equity theory, if an employee feels that she or he is not being treated fairly (e.g., paid less than a co-worker who does not perform well), then this person will try to restore equity
Why is it important for a manager to consider the various components of motivation when diagnosing motivation problems? Is any one of the components more or less important than any of the others?
Think about a challenging work or school project that you have had to undertake.How did you motivate yourself to tackle the project? Were there times when you felt the project was too difficult?
Rigid rankings hinder the teamwork and risk-taking necessary for innovation. But what combination of methods works best?Holiday shopping, year-end deadlines, and emotional family dramas aren’t the
Which of the following factors is not part of the job characteristics model?a. Skill varietyb. Task identityc. Extrinsic motivationd. Autonomy
Intrinsic motivation refers to an employee’s___________ to achieve outcomes from the application of individual ability and talent.a. goal-directed behaviorb. willingnessc. empowermentd. force of
The___________ describes jobs in terms of what the worker does in relation to data, people, and jobs; what methods and techniques the worker uses; and what machines, tools, and equipment the worker
True or false: “Job depth” is the number of operations that an employee performs to complete a job task.a. Trueb. False
Managers can help facilitate___________ by providing employees with direct feedback and learning opportunities, while also offering them unique jobs and the chance to control some aspects of their
True or false: The “position analysis questionnaire” is a method of job analysis that takes into account the human, task, and technological factors of jobs and job classes.a. Trueb. False
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