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organizational behavior and management
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Behavior And Management
Think of a reasonably important nonprogrammed decision you made recently.Did you employ an approach similar to the decision-making process outlined in Exhibit 14.2? How good was your decision? Could
The mood at the April 29, 2009, Bank of America (B of A) shareholder meeting was tense. Stock prices had plummeted from a high of over \($52\) in 2006 to a close the previous day of \($8.15.\)
The____________ theory of leadership attempts to identify specific characteristics (physical, mental, personality) associated with leadership success.a. whole personb. traitc. behaviorald.
The situational or contingency model that has been the most influential in stimulating research is that of ____________.a. Druckerb. Maslowc. Fiedlerd. Likert
Vroom and Yetton developed a leadership____________ model.a. internalb. structuralc. decision-makingd. charismatic
____________is a behavioral approach to leadership characterized by friendship, mutual trust, respect, warmth, and rapport between the leader and followers.a. Initiating structureb. Transformationc.
The leader behavior that helps clarify for subordinates the kind of behavior most likely to result in accomplishing goals is called ____________.a. matriculationb. path clarificationc. leadership
Approaches to leadership that suggest leadership effectiveness is a function of various aspects of the leadership situation are called____________ theories of leadership.a. behavioralb. situationalc.
____________describes behavior in which the leader organizes and structures the way a job is to be accomplished.a. Pressure-centerednessb. Initiating structurec. Coping angled. Managing scope
The most damaging critique of Fiedler’s work on leadership centers on his measurement of the ____________.a. job’s goalb. least preferred co-workersc. leader’s emotionsd. attitude of
The emphasis of Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership model is on followers and their level of ____________.a. performanceb. trainingc. readinessd. education
Most behavioral-style leadership theories discuss only____________ dimension(s).a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4
The second week of January at Baruch High School in Manhattan, teenagers are noisily making their way to and from class. On the street below, a siren blares through Union Square. And in a classroom
Communication that flows across functions in an organization is known as_________ communication.a. multipurposeb. cross-functionalc. horizontald. Both a and b are correct.
True or false: Nonverbal messages can be influenced by the gender and race of the sender of these messages.a. Trueb. False
_________refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted or communicated in an effective manner.a. Information loadingb. Data allocationc. Message enlargementd. Information richness
True or false: In 2008, it was estimated that spam e-mail messages cost U.S. organizations over$17 billion in lost employee productivity and the use of computer resources and personnel to filter and
Each of the following is an outcome of the use of competitive intelligence except for _________.a. loss of competitive advantageb. lost market sharec. lost company reputationd. increased research and
According to Shannon and Weaver’s and Schramm’s communication model, the communicator(or sender)___________ a message that is later interpreted by a receiver.a. encodesb. elaboratesc. modifiesd.
When a subordinate communicates with his or her supervisor, this is known as___________ communication.a. eliteb. upwardc. verticald. developmental
Which of the following communication media is highest in richness?a. Voice-mail messageb. Videoconferencec. Business letterd. Computer report
True or false: Companies use texting to reach customers because it is less expensive than other forms of advertising and it’s a popular form of communication among young consumers.a. Trueb. False
A private, protected electronic communication system within an organization is known as an ___________.a. extranetb. Internetc. intranetd. information-net
In your experience, which of the barriers to effective communication discussed in the chapter is responsible for the most communication problems? Which barrier is the hardest to correct?
A study once revealed that 55 percent of our communication time is spent transmitting and 45 percent is spent receiving. If true, what are the implications of this finding?
Wendy, a knowledgeable person from another department, comes to you, the engineering supervisor, and requests that you design a special product to her specifications. You would:a. Control the
Your department has designed a product that is to be fabricated by Saul’s department. Saul has been with the company longer than you have; he knows his department. Saul comes to you to change the
Upper management has a decision to make.They call you to a meeting and tell you they need some information to solve a problem they describe to you. You:a. Respond in a manner that conveys personal
You have a routine work order. The work order is to be placed verbally and completed in three days. Sue, the receiver, is very experienced and willing to be of service to you. You decide to:a.
Work orders from the staff department normally take three days; however, you have an emergency and need the job today. Your colleague Jim, the department supervisor, is knowledgeable and somewhat
Danielle, a peer with a record of high performance, has recently had a drop in productivity.Her problem is affecting her performance. You know Danielle has a family problem. You:a. Discuss the
You are a knowledgeable supervisor. You buy supplies from Peter regularly. He is an excellent salesperson and very knowledgeable about your situation. You are placing your weekly order.You decide
Jean, a knowledgeable person from another department, has asked you to perform a routine staff function to her specifications. You decide to:a. Perform the task to her specification without
Tom, a salesperson, has requested an order for your department’s services with a short delivery date. As usual, Tom claims it is a take-it-or leave-it offer. He wants your decision now, or within a
As a time-and-motion expert, you have been called in regards to a complaint about the standard time it takes to perform a job. As you analyze the entire job, you realize one element should take
You approve budget allocations for projects.Marie, who is very competent in developing budgets, has come to you. You:a. Review the budget, make revisions, and explain them in a supportive way. Deal
You are a sales manager. A customer has offered you a contract for your product with a short delivery date. The offer is open for days. The contract would be profitable for you and the organization.
John Baker, chief engineer of the Caribbean Bauxite Company Limited of Barracania in the West Indies, was making his final preparations to leave the island.His promotion to production manager of Keso
_____________decisions are required for unique and complex management problems.a. Nonprogrammedb. Developmentalc. Exceptionald. Both b and c are correct answers.
The guidelines or beliefs that a person uses when confronted with a situation in which a choice must be made are known as _____________.a. mission statementsb. visionc. valuesd. ethical evaluation
_____________is a concept that assumes that decision making is fraught with constraints and limitations.a. Information conceptionb. Groupthinkc. Bounded rationalityd. Psychological overload
A mental state of anxiety that occurs when there is a conflict within an individual after a decision is made is known as _____________.a. thought disturbanceb. cognitive dissonancec. mental
While managers at all levels make various types of decisions, supervisors are typically confronted with_____________ decisions while executives focus their time on_____________ decisions.a. ethical,
Defining problems in terms of solutions (i.e., jumping to conclusions) is a mistake that can undermine good decision making in the_____________ stage of rational decision making.a. establishing
Which of the following is a technique that promotes the generation of ideas in a group through noncritical discussion?a. Ethical decision makingb. Brainstormingc. The normal group techniqued.
True or false: Managers rarely rely on “gut” feeling or intuition when making decisions.a. Trueb. False
True or false: When a group uses a consensus approach to decision making, the quality of the decisions it makes tends to be low.a. Trueb. False
Assume you have to choose between two good job offers. One provides a higher salary, but the other is located in a city that you really like. You’re anxious about the decision and not sure which
Even in the midst of a severe recession that has depressed tourism and a digital revolution in the media business, Disney is faring better than many of its rival companies. Although spending at its
Having influence over others (e.g., subordinates) based on the position within the organization that person holds is known as__________ power.a. expertb. intensec. coercived. legitimate
True or false: Referent power is based on a subordinate’s liking of a supervisor who provides the subordinate with important and meaningful work assignments.a. Trueb. False
True or false: Two of the reasons empowerment is not a universally accepted practice within all organizations is: (1) not everyone wants to be empowered and (2) some employees are not able to make
An example of coping with uncertainty that can ultimately lead to your department acquiring more power within the company is __________ .a. being located at the center of the organizationb.
Milgram’s experiment on obedience revealed that 65 percent of participants in his study were willing to administer__________ shocks when asked to do so by the experimenter even though screams could
__________ refers to encouraging or assisting individuals and groups to make decisions that affect their work environments.a. Groupthinkb. Empowermentc. Job enlargementd. Problem solving
Consultation, ingratiating tactics, and personal appeals are all known as__________ tactics.a. political influenceb. developmentalc. devil’s advocated. compliance
True or false: Self-promotion and intimidation are two types of impression management tactics.a. Trueb. False
True or false: Referent power is based on a subordinate’s identification with a superior.a. Trueb. False
A lower-level employee can build his or her__________ power by developing special skills and knowledge that are highly valued within the department or organization.a. legitimateb. rewardc. coercived.
If you wanted to gain compliance from subordinates, what type of power would you use? Explain what compliance means.
Facebook, with an estimated 300 million users, and MySpace, with 115 million monthly visitors worldwide, are the two largest and most popular social networking sites in the United States. Both
What is the difference between functional and dysfunctional conflict? Can conflict that starts off as functional become dysfunctional? Can dysfunctional conflict be changed to functional?
Personal specialties, natural sequence of work, and vertical plane are approaches to which of the following?a. Delegation of authorityb. Utilization analysisc. Division of labord. Both a and b are
In a recent article, Forbes automotive columnist Jerry Flint recounts Ford Motor’s ambitious goal in 1966 that they would produce an electric car in five to 10 years. Flint recalls after numerous
True or false: The phrase “span of control” refers to the total number of product and customer divisions under a single manager’s control.a. Trueb. False
A matrix organization is characterized by which of the following statements?a. It attempts to combine the elements of two organizational forms.b. It requires employees to follow decisions made by
The greater the number of different jobs and/or units within an organization, the greater the level of__________ within the organization.a. socializationb. trainingc. complexityd. authoritarianism
According to Henri Fayol, the_________ principle suggests that all communications within an organization from the lowest-level employee must pass through each superior in the chain of command.a.
The type of organizational design that emphasizes production and efficiency while being highly formalized, centralized, and complex is known as the___________ model.a. mechanisticb. automatedc.
True or false: Managers can shape an organization’s structure by making decisions about division of labor, authority, departmentalization, and span of control.a. Trueb. False
___________is the process by which authority is distributed downward in an organization.a. Job enlargementb. Vertical integrationc. Delegationd. Horizontal utilization
Matrix organizations are best described by which of the following statements:a. They exist in the middle of a continuum with mechanistic organizations at one extreme and organic organizations at the
A collection of geographically distributed, functionally and/or culturally diverse aggregations of individuals that are linked by electronic forms of communication is known as a ___________.a.
The use of power or authority to bring about a change in behavior, structure, or technology implies a reliance on ___________.a. incentivesb. historyc. coerciond. evaluation
It was about 2 p.m. when three Nucor Corp. electricians got the call from their colleagues at the Hickman, Arkansas, plant. It was bad news: Hickman’s electrical grid had failed. For a minimill
Individuals in general resist change because they___________ what may possibly happen to them.a. trustb. reinforcec. resentd. fear
The forces for change are usually classified as being ___________forces.a. environmental and regulatoryb. internal and externalc. management and leadershipd. contingency and systems
Why is diagnosing a situation sometimes bypassed or avoided by managers?
A method of focusing on positive or potential opportunities associated with change is referred to as ___________.a. network miningb. appreciative inquiryc. flex-sited. total quality systems
The implementation of the change method has two dimensions:___________ and ___________.a. cost and commitmentb. timing and scopec. cost and timingd. timing and commitment
Managerial actions that attempt to improve effectiveness by introducing change through formal policies and procedures are referred to as___________ approaches to change.a. structuralb. policyc.
Reengineering as a change strategy consists of streamlining, integrating, and ___________.a. finalizingb. evaluatingc. transformingd. producing
The concept of intervention in a change program refers to entering an organization unit, or project, for the purpose of helping to improve its ___________.a. managementb. leadershipc. philosophyd.
The concept of unfreezing old learning, instilling new learning, and refreezing the new learning was introduced by ___________.a. Maslowb. Herzbergc. Fiedlerd. Lewin
Peter Drucker introduced a concept that focuses on proactive management that is called ___________.a. statistical process controlb. management by objectivesc. engineering reversald. PERT
True or false: An employee’s work environment has no influence on whether he or she will engage in substance abuse.a. Trueb. False
Sexual harassment is a specific type of misbehavior. Some refer to sexual harassment as a form of _______________.a. white-collar crimeb. business organization problemc. violenced. manufacturing
Employee theft losses to employers are at least more than the total cost of street crime annually.a. 3 timesb. 10 timesc. 50 timesd. 100 times
True or false: Employers can read e-mails sent over their computer systems even if employees are not informed of the policy.a. Trueb. False
A heuristic framework for helping managers cope with theft is called .a. crime stopperb. audit checkc. steald. honesty
Sabotage often targets equipment, operations, and .a. peopleb. filesc. systemsd. work products
Research suggests that employees who are the target of uncivil behavior may react in each of the following ways except for .a. Lower levels of creativityb. Increased violence against the harasserc.
The opportunity to commit fraud in an organization is typically addressed through .a. polygraph testingb. internal controlsc. workshopsd. strict budgetary modeling
Workplace bullies have been known to possess high levels of .a. self-confidenceb. aggressionc. sleep deprivationd. social problems
Studies have found that managers spend about percent of their time resolving workplace conflicts.a. 2b. 9c. 13d. 25
What types of things might an employee do when seeking revenge against an organization?Against a co-worker?
Can Enron-type managerial misbehavior be stopped or eliminated? How?
In the near future, will organizations have at their disposal tests that can precisely identify job candidates with a high propensity to misbehave? Explain.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries reported that 11,613 workplace homicides occurred in the United States between 1992 and 2006 and averaged about 800 per
Stress of a short duration is often referred to as __________.a. randomb. prolongedc. acuted. hassle-free
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