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Questions and Answers of Mechanical Engineering

Air enters the compressor of an ideal air standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa and 290 K with a mass flow rate of 6 kg/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 10. The turbine inlet temperature is 1500 K. If
Repeat problem 8-1-16 [OZY] using the IG model for air.
A Brayton cycle with regeneration and air at 100 kPa as the working fluid operates on a pressure ratio of 8. The minimum and maximum temperatures of the cycle are 300 and 1200 K. The adiabatic
A 100-hp, regenerative, Brayton-cycle gas turbine operates between a source at 840oC and the reference atmosphere at 21oC. Air enters the compressor at 21oC, 101 kPa. The air is then compressed to
A stationary power plant operating on an ideal Brayton cycle has a pressure ratio of 7. The gas temperature is 25oC at the compressor inlet and 1000oC at the turbine inlet. Utilizing the air standard
Repeat problem 8-1-19 [OKS] assuming the regenerator having an effectiveness of 85%, and determine the thermal efficiency (ηth,Brayton). Use the IG model.
Air enters the compressor of a regenerative gas turbine engine at 100 kPa and 290 K, where it is compressed to 750 kPa and 550 K. The regenerator has an effectiveness of 70%, and the air enters the
Air is compressed from 100 kPa and 310 K to 1000 kPa in a two stage compressor with intercooling between stages. The intercooler pressure is 350 kPa. The air is cooled back to 310 K in the
Air enters the compressor of an ideal air standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 25oC with a volumetric flow rate of 8 m3/s and is compressed to 1000 kPa. The temperature at the inlet to the first
Consider an ideal gas turbine cycle with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The pressure ratio across each stage of the compressor and the turbine is 2. Air (use the IG model)
Repeat problem 8-1-24 [OZW] assuming a regenerator with 80% effectiveness is added at the end of the last compressor. Determine (a) The thermal efficiency (ηth) of the cycle and (b) Back work ratio.
Consider a regenerative gas turbine power plant with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The overall pressure ratio of the cycle is 9. Air enters each stage of compressor at 290 K
Repeat 8-1-24 [OZW] assuming an efficiency of 80% for each compressor stage and an efficiency of 85% for each turbine stage. Determine (a) The thermal efficiency (ηth) of the cycle and(b) Back work
Repeat problem 8-1-24 [OZW] assuming an efficiency of 80% for each compressor stage and an efficiency of 85% for each turbine stage, and a regenerator with 80% effectiveness. Determine (a) The
A regenerative gas turbine with intercooling and reheat operates at steady state. Air enters the compressor at 100 kPa, 300 K with a mass flow rate (m⋅) of 8 kg/s.The pressure ratio across the two
Air enters steadily the first compressor of the gas turbine at 100 kPa and 300 K with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s. The pressure ratio across the two-stage compressor and turbine is 15. The
Consider an ideal Ericsson cycle with air as working fluid executed in a steady-flow system. Air is at 30oC and 115 kPa at the beginning of the isothermal compression process during which 155 kJ/kg
Air enters the turbine of an Ericsson cycle at 1000 kPa and 1200 K, with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s. The temperature and pressure at the inlet to the compressor are 250 K and 100 kPa respectively.
An ideal Ericsson cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 10. Isothermal expansion takes place at 1000 K. Heat transfer from the compressor occurs at 350 K. Determine (a) The
Hydrogen enters the turbine of an Ericsson cycle at 1500 kPa and 900 K, with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s. The temperature and pressure at the inlet to the compressor are 320 K and 150 kPa
A gas turbine power plant operates on a simple Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid having a pressure ratio of 8. The compressor efficiency is 80% and its inlet conditions are 100 kPa and 300
Using the gas turbine power plant described in the previous problem, 8-1-35[BCQ], plot how thermal efficiency (ηth,Brayton) varies with pressure ratio varying from 5 to 15, all other input
Using the gas turbine power plant described in the previous problem, 8-1-35[BCQ], plot how thermal efficiency (ηth,Brayton) varies with compressor efficiency varying from 70% to 90%, all other input
Air enters the compressor of an ideal air standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 290 K, with a mass flow rate (m⋅) of 6 kg/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 10. The turbine inlet temperature is 1500
Using the air standard Brayton cycle described in the previous problem, 8-1-38[BCD], plot how thermal efficiency varies with pressure ratio varying from 5 to 15, all other input parameters remaining
Air (use the PG model) enters the compressor of an ideal air standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa and 305 K with a volumetric flow rate of 5 m3/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 10. The turbine inlet
Using the air standard Brayton cycle described in the previous problem, 8-1-38[BCD], plot how thermal efficiency (ηth,Brayton) varies with regenerative effectiveness varying from 70% to 90%, all
The gas turbine power plant described in problem, 8-1-35[BCQ], is converted into a multi-stage cycle with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The pressure ratio across each stage
Repeat the previous problem, 8-1-41[BCW], assuming a regenerator with 80% effectiveness is added at the end of second compressor. Plot how thermal efficiency (ηth,Brayton) varies with first
A gas turbine power plant operates on a simple Brayton cycle with air (use the PG model) as the working fluid. The air enters the turbine at 1 MPa and 1000 K and leaves at 125 kPa, 610 K. Heat is
Repeat problem 8-1-4 [OZE] assuming a compressor efficiency of 80% and a turbine efficiency of 90%, and determine (a) The turbine exit temperature. Use the PG model.(b) Back work ratio, (c) The
Air enters the compressor of an ideal air standard Brayton cycle at 195 kPa, 290 K, with a volumetric flow rate of 6 m3/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 9. The turbine inlet temperature is 1400 K.
A gas turbine power plant operates on a simple Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid. Air enters the turbine at 800 kPa and 1200 K, and it leaves the turbine at 100 kPa and 750 K. Heat is
Liquid water flows through a pipe at a mass flow rate of 100 kg/s. If the cross-sectional area of the pipe is 0.01 m2, determine (a) the flow rate of momentum through the pipe.
A turbojet aircraft is flying with a velocity of 250 m/s at an altitude where the ambient conditions are 20 kPa and -25oC. The pressure ratio across the compressor is 12, and the temperature at the
Consider an aircraft powered by a turbojet engine that has a pressure ratio of 10. The aircraft is stationary on the ground, held in position by its brakes. The ambient air is 25oC and 100 kPa and
Air at 10oC enters a turbojet engine at a rate (m⋅) of 15 kg/s and at a velocity of 320 m/s (relative to the engine). Air is heated in the combustion chamber at a rate of 25000 kJ/s and it leaves
Repeat problem 8-2-9 [OKY] using a compressor efficiency of 80% and turbine efficiency of 85%. Determine (a) The velocity (V2) of the exhaust gases, (b) The propulsive power (W⋅ P) developed and
Air enters the diffuser of a turbojet engine with a mass flow rate (m‹…) of 65 kg/s at 80 kPa, -40oC and a velocity of 245 m/s. The pressure ratio for the compressor is 10, and its isentropic
Air at 30 kPa, 250 K and 250 m/s enters a turbojet engine in flight at an altitude of 10,000 m. The pressure ratio across the compressor is 12. The turbine inlet temperature is 1400 K, and the
Consider the addition of an afterburner to the turbojet engine in 8-2-15 [OPB] that raises the temperature at the inlet of the nozzle to 1300 K. Using the IG model, determine The velocity (V) at the
Air enters the diffuser of a ramjet engine at 50 kPa, 230 K, with a velocity of 480 m/s, and is decelerated to a velocity of zero. After combustion, the gases reach a temperature of 1000 K before
Air enters the diffuser of a ramjet engine at 25 kPa, 200 K, with a velocity of 3000 km/h, and is decelerated to a negligible velocity. On the basis of an air standard analysis, the heat addition is
A firefighter is trying to hold a fire hose steady while spraying water. If the jet of water (Ï = 997 kg/m3) is coming from the 6.5-cm diameter fire hose at 400 GPM (0.025 m3/s), what is the force
A rocket motor is fired on a test stand. Hot exhaust gases leave the exit with a velocity of 700 m/s at a mass flow rate (m⋅) of 10 kg/s. The exit area is 0.01 m2 and the exit pressure is 50 kPa.
A jet engine is traveling through the air with a velocity of 150 m/s. The exhaust gas (model as air using the PG model) leaves the nozzle with an exit velocity of 450 m/s with respect to the nozzle.
A turbojet aircraft is flying with a velocity of 300 m/s at an altitude of 6000 m, the ambient conditions are 45 kPa and -15oC. The compressor pressure ratio is 14 and the turbine inlet temperature
A jet engine is being tested on a test stand. The inlet area to the diffuser is 0.2 m2 and air enters the diffuser at 90 kPa, 100 m/s. The pressure of the atmosphere is 100 kPa. The exit area of the
Consider an ideal jet propulsion cycle in which air enters the compressor at 100 kPa and 20oC. The pressure leaving the compressor is 1100 kPa, and the maximum temperature in the cycle is 1200oC. Air
Consider an ideal jet propulsion cycle in which air enters the compressor at 100 kPa and 25oC. The pressure leaving the compressor is 1 MPa, and the maximum temperature in the cycle is 1000oC. Air
A turbojet aircraft is flying with a velocity of 350 m/s at an altitude of 9150 m, the ambient conditions are 30 kPa and -30oC. The pressure ratio across the compressor is 10, and the temperature at
In an air (use the PG model) standard Brayton cycle, air enters the compressor at 0.1 MPa, 20oC (atmospheric conditions), and a mass flow rate of 10 kg/s. The pressure leaving the compressor is 1
Repeat problem 8-3-1 [OPS] assuming a compressor efficiency of 80% and a turbine efficiency of 80%.
Air (use the IG model) enters the compressor of an ideal air standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 290 K (atmospheric conditions) and a mass flow rate (m⋅) of 6 kg/s. The compressor pressure ratio is
Repeat problem 8-3-3 without having the regenerator. Air enters the compressor of an ideal air standard Brayton cycle 100 kPa, 290 K, with a mass flow rate of 6 kg/s. The compressor pressure ratio is
Water is the working fluid in a Carnot vapor power cycle. Saturated liquid enters the boiler at a pressure of 10 MPa, and enters the turbine as saturated vapor. The condenser pressure is 9 kPa.
Propane is the working fluid in a supercritical power plant. The turbine inlet pressure is 10 MPa, the temperature is 150oC and it exits at -30oC. The net power output of the cycle is 2 kW. The
Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Superheated vapor enters the turbine at 12 MPa and 500oC. The condenser pressure is 8 kPa. The turbine and the pump have isentropic efficiencies
In a steam power plant operating on a Rankine cycle, steam enters the turbine at 3 MPa, 350oC and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 75 kPa. If the adiabatic efficiencies of the pump and
Water is the working fluid in a vapor power plant. Superheated steam leaves the steam generator at 8.2 MPa, 540oC and enters the turbine at 7.5 MPa, 500oC. The steam expands through the turbine,
Water is the working fluid in a vapor power plant. Superheated steam enters the turbine at 18 MPa and 580oC. Steam expands through the turbine, exiting at 6 kPa and the turbine efficiency is 82%.
A steam power plant operates on the following cycle producing a net power of 25 MW. Steam enters the turbine at 16 MPa, 550oC and enters the condenser as saturated mixture at 10 kPa. Sub cooled
Water is the working fluid in a vapor power plant. Steam enters the turbine at 4 MPa, 540oC and exits the turbine as a two-phase liquid vapor mixture at 27oC. The condensate exits the condenser at
Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. The pressure and temperature at the exit of the steam generator is 9 MPa and 480oC. A throttle valve placed between the steam generator and the
Consider a steam power plant operating on a reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high pressure turbine at 16 MPa, 550oC and is condensed in the condenser at 10 kPa. If the moisture content of the
Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high pressure turbine at 9 MPa, 600oC and leaves as a saturated vapor. The steam is then reheated to 500oC
Water enters the boiler of a steady flow Carnot engine as a saturated liquid at 800 kPa, and leaves with a quality of 0.95. Steam leaves the turbine at a pressure of 100 kPa. Determine (a) The
Consider a steam power plant operating on an ideal Rankine cycle that has reheat at a pressure of one-fifth the pressure entering the high pressure turbine. Steam enters the high pressure turbine at
An ideal reheat cycle operates with steam as the working fluid. The reheat pressure is 2 MPa. Steam enters the high pressure turbine at 13 MPa and 600oC. The steam is reheated to 600oC before
In a steam power plant operating on a reheat Rankine cycle, steam enters the high pressure turbine at 15 MPa, 620oC and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 15 kPa. If the moisture content
Steam is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle with superheat and reheat. Steam enters the first stage turbine at 10 MPa, 500oC and expands to 700 kPa. It is then reheated to 450oC before
In a steam power plant operating on the ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feed water heater, steam enters the turbine at 9 MPa, 480oC and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 7
In a steam power plant operating on the ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feed water heater, steam enters the turbine at 15 MPa, 620oC and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of
A power plant operates on a regenerative vapor power cycle with one open feed water heater. Steam enters the first turbine stage at 11 MPa, 600oC and expands to 1 MPa, where some of the steam is
Consider a steam power plant operating on the ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feed water heater. Steam enters the turbine at 14 MPa, 610oC and is condensed in the condenser at a
A steam power plant operates on an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 5 MPa, 450oC and is condensed in the condenser at 15 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at a
A regenerative vapor power cycle has two turbine stages with steam entering the first turbine stage at 8 MPa, 550oC and expanding to 700 kPa, where some of the steam is extracted and diverted to the
Water is the working fluid in a Carnot vapor power cycle. Saturated liquid enters the boiler at a pressure of 10 MPa, and saturated vapor enters the turbine. The condenser pressure is 8 kPa. The
A regenerative vapor power cycle has two turbine stages with steam entering the first turbine stage at 12 MPa, 600oC and expands to 1 MPa, where some of the steam is extracted and diverted to the
A power plant operates on a regenerative vapor power cycle with one closed feed water heater. Steam enters the first turbine stage at 10 MPa, 500oC and expands to 1 MPa, where some of the steam is
Repeat problem 9-1-31 [OUZ] above by replacing the trap with a pump and a mixing chamber as shown in the schematic below.
A power plant operates on a regenerative vapor power cycle with one closed feed water heater. Steam enters the first turbine stage at 7 MPa, 550oC and expands to 700 kPa, where some of the steam is
A power plant operates on a regenerative vapor power cycle with one closed feed water heater. Steam enters the first turbine stage at 12 MPa, 520oC and expands to 1200 kPa, where some of the steam is
A power plant operates on an ideal reheat-regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 100 MW. Steam enters the high pressure turbine stage at 12 MPa, 550oC and leaves at 0.9 MPa. Some
Repeat problem 9-1-35 [OUU] , but replace the open feed water heater with closed feed water heater. Assume that the feed water leaves the heater at the condensation temperature of the extracted steam
A steam power plant operates on a reheat-regenerative Rankine cycle with a closed feed water heater. Steam enters the turbine at 12 MPa, 500oC at a rate of 25 kg/s and is condensed in the condenser
A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat-regenerative Rankine with one reheat and two open feed water heaters. Steam enters the high pressure turbine at 10 MPa, 600oC and leaves the low
Consider a reheat-regenerative vapor power cycle with two feed water heaters, a closed feed water heater and an open feed water heater. Steam enters the first turbine at 10 MPa, 500oC and expands to
Consider a steam power plant operating on the simple ideal Rankine cycle. The steam enters the turbine at 4 MPa, 400oC and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 100 kPa. Determine The
A steam power plant operates on the simple ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 4 MPa, 500oC and is condensed in the condenser at a temperature of 40oC. (a) Show the cycle on a T-s
Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Saturated vapor enters the turbine at 6.9 MPa. The condenser pressure is 6.9 kPa. Determine (a) The thermal efficiency (ηth) and (d) the
Consider a steam power plant operating on the ideal Rankine cycle. The steam enters the turbine at 5 MPa, 350oC and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 15 kPa. Determine The thermal
Steam is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Saturated vapor enters the turbine at 9 MPa and saturated liquid exits the condenser at 0.009 MPa. The net power output of the cycle is 100 MW.
Steam is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Saturated vapor enters the turbine at 9 MPa and saturated liquid exits the condenser at 0.009 MPa. The net power output of the cycle is 100 MW.
Water is the working fluid in a cogeneration cycle that generates electricity and provides heat for campus buildings. Steam at 2.5 MPa, 320oC, with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s, expands through a
Consider a combined gas-steam power plant that has a net power output of 600 MW. The pressure ratio of the gas turbine cycle is 16. Air enters the compressor at 300 K and the turbine at 1600 K. The
Repeat problem 9-2-10 [OXA] assuming isentropic efficiencies of 100% for the pump, 82% for the compressor, 86% for the gas and steam turbines. Determine (a) The mass flow rate of steam and (b) The
A combined gas turbine-vapor power plant has a net power output of 15 MW. Air enters the compressor of the gas turbine at 100 kPa, 290 K and is compressed to 1100 kPa. The isentropic efficiency of
A simple gas turbine is the topping cycle for a simple vapor power cycle. Air enters the compressor of the gas turbine at 101 kPa, 15 o C and mass flow rate of 23 kg/s. The compressor pressure ratio
Consider a combined cycle power plant using helium and water as the working fluids. Helium enters the compressor of the gas turbine at 1.4 MPa, 350 K and is compressed to 5.5 MPa. The isentropic

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