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mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Mechanical Engineering

A chamber contains 14 kg of nitrogen (molar mass = 28 kg/kmol) at 100 kPa, and 300 K. (a) How many kmol of N2 is in there? (b) If 1 kmol of hydrogen (molar mass 2 kg/kmol) is added to the chamber,
A truck with a mass of 20000 kg is traveling at 70 miles per hour. (a) Determine its kinetic energy (KE) in MJ. (b) The truck uses an electrical brake, which can convert the kinetic energy into
Air flows through a pipe of diameter 50 cm with a velocity of 40 m/s. If the specific volume of air is 0.4 m3/kg, determine (a) The specific kinetic energy (ke) of the flow. (b) The mass flow
Steam flows through a pipe at 200 kPa, 379oC, with a velocity of 20 m/s and specific volume of 1.5 m3/kg. If the diameter of the pipe is 1 m, determine (a) The mass flow rate in kg/s. (b) The molar
Water flows down a 50 m long vertical constant-diameter pipe with a velocity of 10 m/s. If the mass flow rate is 200 kg/s, determine (a) The area of a cross-section of the pipe. Assuming the internal
Water enters a system, operating at steady state, at 100 kPa, 25oC, 10 m/s at a mass flow rate (m⋅) of 200 kg/s. It leaves the system at 15 m/s, 1 MPa, 25oC. If the density of water is 1000 kg/m3,
Water (ρ = 997 kg/m3) enters a system through an inlet port of diameter 10 cm with a velocity of 10 m/s. If the pressure at the inlet is measured as 500 kPa, determine (a) The mass flow rate
At the exit of a device, the following properties were measured - mass transport rate: 51 kg/s; volume flow rate: 2 m3/s; specific flow energy (j): 230.8 kJ/kg; specific stored energy (e): 211.2
Betz's law states that only 53% of the kinetic energy transported by wind can be converted to shaft work by a perfect wind turbine. For a 50 m diameter turbine in a 20 mph wind, what is the maximum
For a 50 m diameter turbine in a 30 mph wind, determine (a) The mass flow rate of air (in kg/s) intercepted by the turbine. (b) The specific kinetic energy (ke) of the flow (in kJ/kg), (c) The rate
A pipe of diameter 0.1 m carries a gas with the following properties at a certain cross-section: p = 200 kPa; T = 30oC; v = 2 m3/kg; V = 15 m/s. Determine (a) The mass flow rate in kg/s. (b) The
One kmol of nitrogen (N2) is mixed with 2 kg of oxygen (O2). Determine the total amount in (a) kg (b) kmol.
At the inlet of a steam turbine the flow state is as follows: p1 = 1 MPa, V1 = 30 m/s, m1 = 9 kg/s and A1 = 0.1 m2. Determine (a) The rate of energy transfer due to flow work. (b) The rate of
Steam flows into a steady adiabatic turbine at 10 MPa, 600oC and leaves at 58 kPa and 90% quality. The mass flow rate is 9 kg/s. Additional properties at the exit that are known are: A = 1.143 m2, v
In an adiabatic nozzle the specific flow energy j remains constant along the flow. The mass flow rate through the nozzle is 0.075 kg/s and the following properties are known at the inlet and exit
A superheated vapor enters a device with a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s with the following properties: V = 30 m/s, p = 500 kPa, v = 0.711 m3/kg, and u = 3128 kJ/kg. Neglecting potential energy,
A mug contains 0.5 kg of coffee with specific stored energy (e) of 104.5 kJ/kg. If 0.1 kg of milk with specific stored energy (e) of 20.8 kJ/kg is mixed with the coffee, determine (a) The initial
What labels - extensive (0) or intensive (1) can be attached to the following properties:(a) m.(b) v.(c) p.(d) T,(e) ρ.(f) KE.(g) ke.(h) m.(i) V?
What labels - intensive, extensive, total, and flow - can be attached to the following properties:(a) m.(b) m⋅(c) S,(d) S⋅,(e) h,(f) KE,(g) ke,(h) KE⋅?
What labels - extrinsic (0) or intrinsic (1) - can be attached to the following properties: (a) u. (b) e. (c) j. (d) KE. (e) ke. (f) s. (g) S?
What labels - material, thermodynamic, intrinsic, and extrinsic - can be attached to the following properties:(a) m,(b) v,(c) p,(d) T,(e) ρ,(f) KE,(g) ke,(h) m⋅,(i) V?
A rigid tank of volume 10 L contains 0.01 kg of a working substance (the system) in equilibrium at a gauge pressure of 100 kPa. If the outside conditions are 25oC, 101 kPa,(a) How many independent
10 kmol of a gas with a molar mass of 25 kg/kmol is mixed with 20 kg of another gas with a molar mass of 2 kg/kmol. If the pressure and temperature of the mixture
A rigid tank of volume 10 L contains 0.01 kg of a working substance in equilibrium at a gauge pressure of 100 kPa. If the outside pressure is 101 kPa, determine two thermodynamic properties.
A vapor flows through a pipe with a mass flow rate (m⋅) of 30 kg/min. The following properties are given at a particular cross section, Area: 10 cm2, Velocity: 60 m/s, Specific flow energy (j):
A chamber contains a mixture of 2 kg of oxygen (O2) and 2 kmol of hydrogen (H2). (a) Determine the average molar mass of the mixture in kg/kmol. (b) If the specific volume of the mixture is 2 m3/kg,
2 kg of hydrogen (H2) is mixed with 2 kg of oxygen (O2). If the final mixture has a volume of 3 m3: Determine (a) Molar mass (b) Specific volume. (c) The molar specific volume of the final mixture.
A 4 m x 5 m x 6 m room contains 120 kg of air. Determine (a) Density. (b) Specific volume. (c) Mole (d) Specific molar volume of air. Assume molar mass of air to be 29 kg/kmol.
A 5 cm diameter upside-down piston-cylinder device contains 0.04 kg of an ideal gas at equilibrium at 100 kPa, 300 K, occupying a volume of 0.5 m3. Determine (a) The gas density in kg/m3. (b) The
A mug contains 0.5 kg of liquid water at 50oC. (a) Determine the stored energy (E) of the system, neglecting the KE and PE. If 0.1 kg of liquid water at 10oC is is mixed with the warm water,
Liquid water at 100 kPa, 30oC, enters a pump with a flow rate (m) of 30 kg/s with a velocity of 2 m/s. At the exit the corresponding properties are 1000 kPa, 30.1oC, 30 kg/s, and 5 m/s. At the exit,
In problem 1-2-10[PZ], determine the flow work (WF) in kW at the pump inlet and exit. What do you attribute the difference between the two quantities, if any, to?
A granite rock of mass 1000 kg is situated on a hill at an elevation of 1000 m. On a sunny day its temperature rises to 95oC. (a) Determine the maximum useful work that can be extracted from the rock
A tank contains 2000 kg of water at 1000 kPa and 70oC. Using the SL model, determine (a) The stored energy. (b) The stored energy in the water. Assume standard atmospheric conditions.
The cooling water in a power plant is discharged into a lake at a temperature of 35oC with a flow rate of 1000 kg/min. Determine the rate of discharge of energy (Ψ) using the SL flow state daemon.
A piston-cylinder device contains 1 kg of air at 100 kPa, 30oC. The gas is now compressed very slowly so that the temperature remains constant (isothermal). Calculate a series of states using the IG
A rigid tank contains 1 kg of air at 100 kPa, 30oC. Heat is now transferred to raise the temperature of the air. Calculate a series of states using the IG state daemon as the temperature increases
A piston cylinder device contains 0.01 m3 of nitrogen at 500 kPa and 30oC. Determine the change in stored energy if (a) The pressure is doubled at constant temperature. (b) Temperature is increased
Determine the specific volume (v) of the gas in a 1 m3 chamber filled with (a) Hydrogen (b) Carbon-dioxide. The pressure inside is 1 atm and the temperature is 25oC. Use the ideal gas (IG) state
Use the IG system state daemon to determine entropy (s) of 1 kg of (a) Hydrogen. (b) Oxygen. (c) Carbon dioxide at 100 kPa, 298 K. Discuss why the entropy of hydrogen is the highest among these three
A cup of coffee (system mass 1 kg) at 30oC rests on a table of height 1 m. An identical cup of coffee rests on the floor at a temperature of 25oC. Determine (a) the difference (cup 2 minus cup 1) in
A piston-cylinder device contains 1 kg of hydrogen at 100 kPa, 30oC (use the IG system state daemon). The gas is now compressed in such a manner that the entropy (s) remains constant. (a) Calculate
In order to explore how the internal energy (u) of a gas depends on temperature, volume, and pressure, evaluate the state of 1 kg of carbon dioxide at 100 kPa, 300 K using the IG state daemon. Now
In order to explore how the entropy (s) of a gas depends on temperature, volume, and pressure, evaluates the state of 1 kg of nitrogen at 100 kPa, 300 K using the IG state daemon. Now holding mass
A tank contains 5 kg of carbon dioxide at 2000 kPa and 25oC. Using the IG (ideal gas) system state daemon, determine (a) The stored energy (Φ). (b) The stored energy (E) in the gas. Assume the
A rigid tank contains 1 kg of H2O at 1000 kPa, 1000oC. Heat is now transferred to the surroundings and the steam gradually cools down to a temperature of 30oC. Use the PC state daemon to determine a
A piston cylinder device contains 0.01 m3 of steam at 500 kPa and 300oC. Determine the change in stored energy (E) if (a) The pressure is increased to 1 MPa at constant temperature (b) Temperature is
Steam flows into a turbine with a mass flow rate of 6 kg/s at a temperature of 500oC and a pressure of 1500 kPa. If the inlet area is 0.25 m2, determine the transport properties (a) J⋅. (b)
In problem 1-2-26 [UO], determine the flow rate of (a) Entropy (S⋅). (b) Energy (Ψ⋅) into the turbine if the atmospheric conditions are 100 kPa and 25oC.
Using the SL system state daemon, determine the change in stored energy (E) in a block of copper of mass 1 kg due to (a) An increase in temperature from 25oC to 100oC (b) An increase in velocity from
For a 1 kg block of copper, determine the equivalent rise in stored energy (E) by 1 kJ in terms of (a) Increase in temperature (b) Increase in velocity from rest (c) An increase in height. (d)
Use the SL system state daemon to determine specific entropy (s) of (a) Aluminum.(b) Iron.(c) Gold at 100 kPa, 298 K. Discuss why the entropy of gold is the lowest among these three metals.
Use the SL system state daemon to plot how the specific internal energy u and specific entropy s of aluminum changes with temperature at a constant pressure of 100 kPa (Evaluate three states at, say,
Use the SL system state daemon to verify that u and s are independent of p for pure solids and liquids (Hint: Select a solid or a liquid; Evaluate three states at, say, 100 kPa, 1 MPa, and 10 MPa at
For copper, plot how the internal energy u, and entropy s, vary with T within the range 25oC - 1000oC. Use the SL system state daemon.
For liquid water, plot how the internal energy u and entropy s vary with T within the range 25oC - 100oC. Use the SL system state daemon.
Mass enters an open system with one inlet and one exit at a constant rate of 50 kg/min. At the exit, the mass flow rate is 60 kg/min. If the system initially contains 1000 kg of working fluid,
The diameter of the ports in the accompanying figures are 10 cm, 5 cm, and 1 cm at port 1, 2, and 3 respectively. At a given instant, water enters the tank at port 1 with a velocity of 2 m/s and
Air is pumped into and withdrawn from a 10 m3 rigid tank as shown in the accompanying figure. The inlet and exit conditions are as follow. Inlet: v1 = 2 m3/kg, V1 = 10 m/s, A1 = 0.01 m2; Exit: v2 = 5
A gas flows steadily through a circular duct of varying cross-section area with a mass flow rate of 10 kg/s. The inlet and exit conditions are as follows. Inlet: V1 = 400 m/s, A1 = 179.36 cm2; Exit:
A pipe with a diameter of 10 cm carries nitrogen with a velocity of 10 m/s and specific volume 5 m3/kg into a chamber. Surrounding the pipe, in an annulus of outer diameter 20 cm, is a flow of
A pipe with a diameter of 15 cm carries hot air with a velocity 200 m/s and temperature 1000 K into a chamber. Surrounding the pipe, in an annulus of outer diameter 20 cm, is a flow of cooler air
Steam enters a turbine through a duct of diameter 0.25 m at 10 MPa, 600oC and 100 m/s. It exits the turbine through a duct of 1 m diameter at 400 kPa and 200oC. For steady state operation,
Steam enters a turbine with a mass flow rate of 10 kg/s at 10 MPa, 600oC and 30 m/s. It exits the turbine at 45 kPa, 30 m/s and a quality of 0.9. Assuming steady state operation, determine (a) The
Refrigerant R-134 enters a device as saturated liquid at 500 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s and a mass flow rate of 2 kg/s. At the exit the pressure is 150 kPa and the quality is 0.2. If the exit
Air enters a 0.5m diameter fan at 25oC, 100 kPa and is discharged at 28oC, 105 kPa and a volume flow rate of 0.8 m3/s. Determine for steady-state operation. (a) The mass flow rate of air in
Air enters a nozzle, which has an inlet area of 0.1 m2, at 200 kPa, 500oC and 10 m/s. At the exit the conditions are 100 kPa and 443oC. If the exit area is 35 cm2, determine the steady state exit
Steam enters an insulated tank through a valve. At a given instant, the mass of steam in the tank is found to be 10 kg, and the conditions at the inlet are measured as follows: A = 50 cm2, V = 31
Air is introduced into a piston-cylinder device through a 7 cm-diameter flexible duct. The velocity and specific volume at the inlet at a given instant are measured as 22 m/s and 0.1722 m3/kg
Air enters an open system with a velocity of 1 m/s and density of 1 kg/m3 at 500 K through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 10 cm2. The mass of air in the tank at a given instant is given by the
A propane tank is being filled at a charging station (see figure in problem 2-1- 2 [HM]). At a given instant the mass of the tank is found to increase at a rate of 0.4 kg/s. Propane from the supply
Mass leaves an open system with a mass flow rate of c*m, where c is a constant and m is the system mass. If the mass of the system at t = 0 is m0, derive an expression for the mass of the system at
Water enters a vertical cylindrical tank of cross-sectional area 0.01 m2 at a constant mass flow rate of 5 kg/s. It leaves the tank through an exit near the base with a mass flow rate given by the
A conical tank of base diameter D and height H is suspended in an inverted position to hold water. A leak at the apex of the cone causes water to leave with a mass flow rate of c*sqrt(h), where c is
Steam enters a mixing chamber at 100 kPa, 20 m/s and a specific volume of 0.4 m3/kg. Liquid water at 100 kPa and 25oC enters the chamber through a separate duct with a flow rate of 50 kg/s and a
A 20 kg block of solid cools down by transferring heat at a rate of 1 kW to the surroundings. Determine the rate of change of (a) Stored energy. (b) Internal energy of the block.
A drill rotates at 4000 rpm while transmitting a torque of 0.012 kN-m. Determine the rate of change of stored energy of the block initially.
A 20 kg slab of aluminum is raised by a rope and pulley, arranged vertically, at a constant speed of 10 m/min. At the same time the block absorbs solar radiation at a rate of 0.2 kW. Determine the
An external force F is applied to a rigid body of mass m. If its internal and potential energy remain unchanged, show that an energy balance on the body reproduces Newton's law of motion.
An insulated block with a mass of 100 kg is acted upon by a horizontal force of 0.02 kN. Balanced by frictional forces, the body moves at a constant velocity of 2 m/s. Determine (a) The rate of
Do an energy analysis of a pendulum bob to show that the sum of its kinetic and potential energies remain constant. Assume internal energy to remain constant, neglect viscous friction and heat
A rigid insulated tank contains 2 kg of a gas at 300 K and 100 kPa. A 1 kW internal heater is turned on. (a) Determine the rate of change of total stored energy (dE/dt). (b) If the internal energy of
A 10 m3 rigid tank contains air at 200 kPa and 150oC. A 1 kW internal heater is turned on. Determine the rate of change of (a) Stored energy (b) Temperature. (c) Pressure of air in the tank. Use the
A 10 m3 rigid tank contains steam with a quality of 0.5 at 200 kPa. A 1 MW internal heater is turned on. Determine the rate of change of (a) Stored energy. (b) Temperature. (c) Pressure of steam in
A piston-cylinder device containing air at 200 kPa loses heat at a rate of 0.5 kW to the surrounding atmosphere. At a given instant, the piston which has a crosssectional area of 0.01 m2 moves down
A piston-cylinder device contains a gas, which is heated at a rate of 0.5 kW from an external source. At a given instant the piston, which has an area of 10 cm2 moves up with a velocity of 1
A rigid chamber contains 100 kg of water at 500 kPa, 100oC. A paddle wheel stirs the water at 1000 rpm with a torque of 100 N-m. while an internal electrical resistance heater heats the water,
A gas trapped in a piston-cylinder device is heated (as shown in figure of problem 2-2-19 [EA]) from an initial temperature of 300 K. The initial load on the massless piston of area 0.2 m2 is such
A piston-cylinder device is used to compress a gas by pushing the piston with an external force. During the compression process, heat is transferred out of the gas in such a manner that the stored
A fluid flows steadily through a long insulated pipeline. Perform a mass and energy analysis to show that the flow energy j remains unchanged between the inlet and exit. What-if Scenario: How would
Water enters a constant-diameter, insulated, horizontal pipe at 500 kPa. Due to the presence of viscous friction the pressure drops to 400 kPa at the exit. At steady state, determine the changes
Water flows steadily through a variable diameter insulated pipe. At the inlet, the velocity is 20 m/s and at the exit, the flow area is half of the inlet area. If the internal energy of water remains
Oil enters a long insulated pipe at 200 kPa and 20 m/s. It exits at 175 kPa. Assuming steady flow, determine the changes in the following properties between the inlet and exit (a) j, (b) ke (c) h.
Nitrogen gas flows steadily through a pipe of diameter 10 cm. The inlet conditions are as follows: pressure 400 kPa, temperature 300 K and velocity 20 m/s. At the exit the pressure is 350 kPa (due to
A 5 cm diameter pipe discharges water into the open atmosphere at a rate of 20 kg/s at an elevation of 20 m. The temperature of water is 25oC and the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Determine (a)
Water enters a pipe at 90 kPa, 25oC and a velocity of 10 m/s. At the exit the pressure is 500 kPa and velocity is 12 m/s while the temperature remains unchanged. If the volume flow rate is 10 m3/min
Water at 1000 kPa, 25oC enters a 1-m-diameter horizontal pipe with a steady velocity of 10 m/s. At the exit the pressure drops to 950 kPa due to viscous resistance. Assuming steady state flow,
A closed system interacts with its surroundings and the following data are supplied: Wsh = 10 kW, Wel = 5 kW, Q = -5 kW. (a) If there are no other interactions, determine dE/dt. (b) Is this system
An incompressible fluid (constant density) flows steadily downward along a constant-diameter, insulated vertical pipe. Assuming internal energy remains constant, show that the pressure variation is
An incompressible fluid (constant density) flows steadily through a converging nozzle. (a) Show that the specific flow energy remains constant if the nozzle is adiabatic. (b) Assuming internal energy

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