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Questions and Answers of Mechanical Engineering

Steam enters an adiabatic turbine, operating at steady state, with a flow rate of 10 kg/s at 1000 kPa, 400°C and leaves at 40°C with a quality of 0.9 (90%). Neglecting changes in ke and pe,
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 5 MPa and 540oC, with a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s and leaves at 75 kPa. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 0.90. Determine.(a) The temperature at
Water flows steadily into a well-insulated electrical water heater (see Anim. 4- 1-1) with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s at 100 kPa, 25oC. Determine: The rate of entropy generation in the water heater's
A hydroelectric power plant operates at steady state. The difference of elevation between the upstream and downstream reservoirs is 600 m. For a discharge of 150 m3s, determine the maximum power
Hot gases enter a well-insulated jet engine turbine with a velocity of 50 m/s, a temperature of 1000oC, and a pressure of 600 kPa. The gases exit the turbine at a pressure of 250 kPa and a velocity
A turbine at steady state receives air at a pressure of 5 bar and a temperature of 120oC. Air exits the turbine at a pressure of 1 bar. The work developed is measured as 100 kJ per kg of air flowing
Steam at 4 MPa, 600oC enters an insulated turbine operating at steady state with a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s and exits at 200 kPa. Determine. (a) The maximum theoretical power that can be developed by
Combustion gases enters an adiabatic gas turbine steadily at 850 kPa and 850oC, with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s and leaves at 420 kPa. Treating the combustion gases as air with variable specific heat
Steam (H2O) enters a steady isentropic turbine with a mass flow rate of 10 kg/s at 3 MPa, 800oC and leaves at 100 kPa. Determine the power produced by the turbine using(a) The PC model for steam.(b)
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 6 MPa, 600oC, 50 m/s, and exits at 50 kPa, 100oC and 150 m/s. The turbine produces 5 MW. If the ambient condition is 100 kPa, 25oC.Determine the entropy
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 2.5 MPa, 350oC, 10 m/s and exits at 1 MPa, 30 m/s. The mass flow rate (m⋅) is 5 kg/s. Using the Turbine Simulator RIA (linked from the left margin),
Using the Steam turbine described in the previous problem, 4-1-75[BCN], plot how the shaft power (W⋅sh) varies with input temperature (T1) varying from 500 K to 1000 K, all other input parameters
Using the Steam turbine described in the previous problem, 4-1-75[BCN], plot how the shaft power (W⋅sh) varies with input pressure (p1) varying from 1 MPa to 2.5 MPa, all other input parameters
Saturated liquid water flows steadily into a well-insulated electrical water heater with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s at 100 kPa. Determine (a) The electrical power consumption. (b) The rate of
Using the Steam turbine described in previous problem, 4-1-75[BCN] plot how the shaft power (W⋅sh) varies with isentropic efficiency of turbine varying from 70% to 100%, all input parameters
Air enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 6 MPa, 600oC, 50 m/s and exits at 50 kPa, 150 m/s with a mass flow rate (m⋅) of 6 kg/s. Assuming the turbine efficiency to be 90%, use Turbine Simulator
Refrigerant R-134a enters an compressor at 175 kPa and -10oC and leaves at 1 MPa, 60oC. The mass flow rate is 0.02 kg/s and the power output to the compressor is 1.2 kW. Determine.(a) The heat
Refrigerant-134a enters an adiabatic compressor as saturated vapor at 120 kPa at a rate of 1 m3/min and exits at 1 MPa. The compressor has an adiabatic efficiency of 85%. Assuming the surrounding
Refrigerant-12 enters a compressor operating at steady state as saturated vapor at -7oC and exits at 1000 kPa. The compressor has an isentropic efficiency of 75%. Ignoring the heat transfer between
Argon gas enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 25oC with a velocity of 20 m/s and exits at 1 MPa, 550oC and 100 m/s. The inlet area of the compressor is 75 cm2. Determine The power of the
Argon gas enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 25oC with a velocity of 20 m/s and exits at 1 MPa, 550oC and 100 m/s. The inlet area of the compressor is 75 cm2. Assuming the surroundings to
Air enters an adiabatic compressor at steady state at a pressure of 100 kPa, a temperature of 20oC, and a flow rate of 0.25 m3/s. Compressed air is discharged from the compressor at 800 kPa and
Air from the surrounding atmosphere at 100 kPa, 25oC enters a compressor with a velocity of 7 m/s through an inlet of area 0.1 m2. At the exit, the pressure is 600 kPa, the temperature is 150oC, and
An air compressor operating at steady state receives air at 100 kPa and 25oC. The ratio of pressure at the exit to that at inlet is 5. There is no significant heat transfer between the compressor and
Saturated vapor of water flows steadily into a well-insulated electrical super heater with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s at 100 kPa. Determine (a) The electrical power consumption. (b) The rate of
Air is compressed by an adiabatic compressor from 100 kPa and 25oC to 700 kPa and 300oC. Assuming variable specific heats and neglecting the changes in pe and ke, determine (a) The isentropic
Air from the surrounding atmosphere at 100 kPa, 25oC enters a compressor with a velocity of 7 m/s through an inlet of area 0.1 m2. At the exit, the pressure is 600 kPa, and the velocity is 2 m/s.
Using the compressor described in previous problem, 4-1-90[BCG], plot how the shaft power (W⋅sh) varies with input pressure (p1) varying from 100 kPa to 600 kPa, all other input parameters
Using the compressor described in previous problem, 4-1-90[BCG], plot how the shaft power (W⋅sh) varies with exit pressure (p2) varying from 100 kPa to 600 kPa, all other input parameters
Refrigerant R-134a enters an adiabetic compressor at 175 kPa, -10oC and leaves at 1 MPa. The mass flow rate (m⋅) is 0.02 kg/s. Using the Compressor Simulator RIA (linked from left margin). (a)
The free surface of the water in the well is 15 m below ground level. This water is to be pumped steadily to an elevation of 20 m above the ground level. Assuming temperature to remain constant and
Oil with a density of 800 kg/m3 is pumped from a pressure of 0.6 bar to a pressure of 1.4 bar, and the outlet is 3 m above the inlet. The flow rate is 0.2 m3/s, and the inlet and exit areas are 0.06
A pump raises the pressure of water, flowing at a rate of 0.1 m3/s, from 70 kPa to a pressure of 150 kPa. The inlet and exit areas are 0.05 m2 and 0.02 m2 respectively. Assuming the pump to be
If the pump above has an adiabatic efficiency of 75%, determine.(a) The power input.(b) The exit temperature.(c) The rate of entropy generation in the pump. Assume the inlet and surroundings
Water at 25oC is being pumped at 1.5 kg/s from an open reservoir through a 10-cm pipe. The open end of the 5-cm discharge pipe is 15 m above the top of the water surface in the reservoir.Neglecting
An insulated high-pressure electric water heater operates at steady state at a constant pressure of 10 MPa, supplying hot water at a mass flow rate of 10 kg/s. If the inlet temperature is 20oC and
In the above problem. (a) Determine the pumping power if the water temperature is 60oC throughout. (b) How high above the free surface of the storage tank the pump can be placed without vapor
A 5 kW pump is raising water to an elevation of 25 m from the free surface of a lake. The temperature of water increases by 0.1oC. Neglecting heat transfer and any change in ke, determine.(a) The
A small water pump is used in an irrigation system. The pump takes water in from a river at 10oC, 100 kPa at a rate of 4.5 kg/s. The exit line enters a pipe that goes up to an elevation 18 m above
A 5 kW pump is raising water to an elevation of 25 m from the free surface of a lake. The temperature of water increases by 0.1oC. Neglecting any change in ke, determineThe mass flow rate.
Saturated liquid water at 350oC is throttled to a pressure of 100 kPa at a flow rate of 10 kg/s. Neglecting change in ke, determine.(a) The exit temperature.(b) The amount of saturated vapor produced
In the above problem, steam enters the throttling valve with a velocity of 10 m/s. If the exit area is 15 times as large as the area of the inlet, determine.(a) The exit velocity.(b) The vapor
Refrigerant-134a enters an insulated capillary tube of a refrigerator as saturated liquid at 0.8 MPa and is throttled to a pressure of 0.12 MPa. Determine. (a) The quality of refrigerant at the final
A pipe carries steam as a two phase liquid vapor mixture at 2.0 MPa. A small quantity is withdrawn through a throttling calorimeter, where it undergoes a throttling process to an exit pressure of 0.1
Refrigerant-12 is throttled by a valve from the saturated liquid state at 800 kPa to a pressure of 150 kPa at a flow rate of 0.5 kg/s. DetermineThe temperature after throttling.
Refrigerant-134a at 950 kPa is throttled to a temperature of -25oC and a quality of 0.5. If the velocity at the inlet and outlet remains constant at 10 m/s, determine.(a) The quality at the inlet.(b)
Liquid water at 100 kPa and 10oC is heated by mixing it with an unknown amount of steam at 100 kPa and 200oC. Liquid water enters the chamber at 1 kg/s and the chamber loses heat at a rate of 500
Consider an ordinary shower where hot water at 60oC is mixed with cold water at 10oC. Steady stream of warm water at 40oC is desired. The hot water enters at 1 kg/s. Assume the heat losses from the
Superheated steam with a state of 450oC, 1.8 MPa flows into an adiabatic mixing chamber at a rate of 0.3 kg/s. A second stream of dry, saturated water vapor at 1.8 MPa enters the chamber at a rate of
Argon gas flows steadily through a mixer nozzle device. At the first inlet, argon enters at 200 kPa, 5oC, 0.01 kg/s. At the second inlet, argon enters at 338oC, 200 kPa, 0.008 kg/s. At the exit,
A hot water stream at 75oC enters a mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s where it is mixed with a stream of cold water at 15oC. If it is desired that the mixture leaves the chamber at 40oC,
Liquid water at 250 kPa and 20oC is heated in a chamber by mixing with superheated steam at 250 kPa and 350oC. Cold water enters the chamber at a rate of 2 kg/s. If the mixture leaves the chamber at
Water at 350 kPa and 15oC is heated in a chamber by mixing with saturated water vapor at 350 kPa. Both streams enter the mixing chamber at a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s. Determine(a) Temperature.(b)
Water at 150 kPa and 12oC is heated in a mixing chamber at a rate of 3 kg/s where it is mixed with steam entering at 150 kPa 120oC. The mixture leaves the chamber at 150 kPa and 55oC. Heat is lost to
Steam enters a closed feed water heater at 1.1 MPa and 200oC, and leaves as saturated liquid at the same pressure. Feed water enters the heater at 2.5 MPa and 50oC and leaves 12oC below the exit
Refrigerant-134a at 1.5 MPa, 90oC is to be cooled by air to a state of 1 MPa and 27oC in a steady-flow heat exchanger. The air enters at 110 kPa and 25oC with a volume flow rate of 820 m3/min and
Refrigerant-12 enters a counter flow heat exchanger at -15oC, with a quality of 45%, and leaves as saturated vapor at -15oC. Air at 100 kPa enters the heat exchanger in a separate stream with a flow
Refrigerant-134a at 900 kPa and 75oC, and 9.5 kg/s is to be cooled by water in an insulated condenser until it exits as a saturated liquid at the same pressure. The cooling water enters the condenser
Steam enters the condenser of a steam power plant at 30 kPa and a quality of 90% with a mass flow rate of 300 kg/min, and leaves the condenser as saturated liquid at 30 kPa. It is to be cooled by
An irrigation pump takes water at 25°C from a lake and discharges it through a nozzle located 20 m above the surface of the lake water with a velocity of 10 m/s. The exit area of the nozzle is 50
A water cannon sprays 50 L/min of liquid water at a velocity of 100 m/s horizontally out from a nozzle. It is driven by a pump that receives the water from a tank at 20oC, 100 kPa. There is no change
To operate a steam turbine in part-load power output, a throttling valve is used as shown in the figure below, which reduces the pressure of steam before it enters the turbine. The state of steam in
Repeat the above problem assuming the turbine to have an adiabatic efficiency of 90%.Above problemTo operate a steam turbine in part-load power output, a throttling valve is used as shown in the
An insulated mixing chamber receives 2 kg/s R-134a at 1 MPa, 100°C in a line (state-3). Another line brings 1 kg/s of R-134a as saturated liquid at 70°C (state-1), which is throttled to a pressure
An adiabatic steam turbine receives steam from two boilers. One flow is 5 kg/s at 3 MPa, 600oC, and the other flow is 5 kg/s at 0.5 MPa, 600°C. The exit flow is at 10 kPa with a quality of 100%.
Steam is bled from a turbine to supply 2 MW of process heat in a chemical plant at 200 deg C as shown in the schematic so that state 4 is saturated liquid water at 200 deg-C. At the turbine inlet
Determine The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of aluminum from 30oC to 100oC.
A rigid tank contains 3.2 kg of refrigerant-134a initially at 26oC and 140 kPa. The refrigerant is now cooled until its pressure drops to 100 kPa. Determine (a) The entropy change of the
A steam radiator (used for space heating) has a volume of 20 L and is filled up with steam at 200 kPa and 250oC. Now the inlet and exit ports are closed. As the radiator cools down to a room
A steam radiator has a volume of 25 L and is filled up with steam at 350 kPa and 280oC. Now the inlet and exit ports are closed. As the radiator pressure drops down to 180 kPa, determine.The heat
The radiator of a steam heating system has a volume of 15 L and is filled with superheated water vapor at 225 kPa and 230oC. Now the inlet and exit ports are closed. After a while the temperature of
A steam radiator has a volume of 20 L and is filled up with steam at 200 kPa and 250oC. Now the inlet and exit ports are closed. As the radiator cools down to a room temperature of 20oC,
A well-insulated rigid tank contains 6 kg of saturated liquid vapor mixture of water at 150 kpa. Initially, half of the mass is in liquid phase. An electric resistance heater placed in the tank is
A 0.4 m3 rigid tank contains refrigerant-134a initially at 250 kPa and 45 percent quality. Heat is transferred now to the refrigerant from a source at 37oC until pressure rises to 420 kPa.
A rigid tank with 3 kg of H2O at 150 kPa, x = 0.2 is heated with 1000 kJ. Determine (a) The final pressure. (b) Phase composition of H2O.
A rigid chamber of volume 1 m3 contains steam at 100 kPa, 200oC.(a) Determine the mass of steam.(b) Determine the amount of heat loss (in kJ) necessary for the steam to cool down at constant pressure
Repeat problem 5-1-18 [OSH] using the PG model for H2O. Problem 5-1-18 (a) Determine the mass of steam. (b) Determine the amount of heat loss (in kJ) necessary for the steam to cool down at constant
Suppose the aluminum block in the above problem was heated by a reservoir (TER) at 200°C. Determine (a) The change in entropy of the block. (b) The entropy that is transferred from the
A rigid tank contains 1 kg of H2O at 100 kPa, x = 0.1. Given that the tank can withstand a maximum internal pressure of 5 MPa, determine (a) The maximum temperature to which the steam in the tank can
An insulated rigid tank contains 1.5 kg of helium at 30oC and 500 kPa. A paddle wheel with a power rating of 0.1 kW is operated within the tank for 30 minutes. Determine(a) The final temperature.(b)
A 2 m3 insulated rigid tank contains 3 kg of carbon dioxide at 110 kPa. Now paddle wheel work is done on the system until the pressure in the tank rises to 127 kPa. Determine(a) The entropy change of
Air is contained in an insulated, rigid volume at 25oC and 180 kPa. A paddle wheel, inserted in the volume, does 800 kJ of work on air. If the volume is 2m3, determine.(a) The entropy increase.(b)
A person living in a 4m x 5m x 5m room turns on a 100-W fan before he leaves the warm room at 100 kPa, 30oC, hoping that the room will be cooler when he comes back after 5 hours. Disregarding any
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.01 kg of steam at a pressure of 100 kPa and a quality of 10%. Determine the heat transfer necessary to improve the quality to 100% when heating is carried out.(a)
A mass of 10 kg of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa is heated at constant pressure until the temperature reaches 500oC. Calculate(a) The work done by the steam during the process.(b) The amount of
In problem 5-1-26 [OSU], determine the minimum average value of the boundary temperature for which the second law is not violated. In Problem 5-1-26 A mass of 10 kg of saturated water vapor at 300
A vertical piston-cylinder assembly contains 10 L of air at 20oC. The cylinder has an internal diameter of 20 cm. The piston is 2 cm thick and is made of steel of density 7830 kg/m3. If the
A frictionless piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of refrigerant-12 as a saturated liquid. The piston is free to move, and its mass is such that it maintains a pressure of 200 kPa on the
A mug contains 0.5 kg of coffee (properties: density = 1000 kg/m3, cv = 1 kJ/kg.K) at 20oC. (a) Determine the amount of heat (in kJ) necessary (there is no work transfer) to raise the temperature to
A mass of 2 kg of liquid water is completely vaporized at a constant pressure of 1 atm. Determine:The heat added.
A frictionless piston is used to provide a constant pressure of 500 kPa in a cylinder containing steam originally at 250oC with a volume of 3 m3. Determine(a) The final temperature if 3000 kJ of heat
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 2 kg of liquid water at 140 kPa and 25oC. The water is now heated at a constant pressure by addition of 3600 kJ of heat. Determine (a) The final
A frictionless piston-cylinder device contains 1 m3 of saturated steam at 100oC. During a constant pressure process, 700 kJ of heat is transferred to the surrounding air at 25oC. As a result, part of
A frictionless piston-cylinder device contains 10 kg of superheated vapor at 550 kPa and 340oC. Steam is now cooled at constant pressure until 60 percent of it, by mass, condenses. DetermineThe work
A piston-cylinder device contains 8 kg of refrigerant-134a at 850 kPa and 70oC. The refrigerant is now cooled at constant pressure until it comes to thermal equilibrium with the atmosphere, which is
An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 3 L of saturated liquid water at a constant pressure 180 kPa. An electric resistance heater inside the cylinder is now turned on, and 2000 kJ of energy is
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 20 g of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa. A resistance heater is operated within the cylinder with a current of 0.4 A from a 240 V source until the volume
An insulated container contains a block of ice of mass 1 ton (US) at 0oC. The insulation is removed, and the ice gradually melts to water and comes to thermal equilibrium with the surroundings at
In the problem described above, determine. (a) The change of entropy of the system. (b) The entropy transfer from the surroundings. (c) The entropy generation in the system's universe during the
A block of iron (specific heat: 0.45 kJ/kg.K) with a mass of 20 kg is heated from its initial temperature of 10oC to a final temperature of 200oC by keeping it in thermal contact with a thermal

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