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mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Mechanical Engineering

A mass of 1.5 kg of air at 160 kPa and 15oC is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless piston-cylinder device. The air is now compressed to a final pressure of 650 kPa. During the process heat is
In the above problem determine. (a) The change of entropy of the air. (b) The entropy transferred into the atmosphere at 10°C. (c) The entropy generation in the system's universe during the
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of a gas (PG model: c_v = 10.18, k = 1.4, R= 4.12 kJ/kg-K) at 1000 kPa and 300 K. The gas undergoes an isothermal (constant temperature) expansion process to
Nitrogen at an initial state of 80oF, 25 psia and 6 ft3 is pressed slowly in an isothermal process to a final pressure of 110 psia. Determine. The work done during the process.
An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 0.04 m3 of steam at 300 kPa and 200oC. Steam is now compressed in a reversible manner to a pressure of 1 MPa. Calculate the work done?
Air at 20oC, 95 kPa is compressed in a piston-cylinder device of volume 1 L in a frictionless and adiabatic manner. If the volumetric compression ratio is 10, determine(a) The final temperature.(b)
Nitrogen at 300 K, 100 kPa is compressed in a piston-cylinder device of volume 1 m3 in a frictionless and adiabatic manner. If the volumetric compression ratio is 15, determine.(a) The final
Solve the previous problem,5-1-46[BVM], using the IG model.Previous problem,5-1-46Nitrogen at 300 K, 100 kPa is compressed in a piston-cylinder device of volume 1 m3 in a frictionless and adiabatic
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.1 m3 of N2 at 100 kPa and 300 K. Determine the work transfer involved in compressing the gas to one-fifth of its original volume in an (a) Isothermal.(b)
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 10 ft3 of argon gas at 25 psia and 70oF. Argon is now compressed in a polytropic process (pVn = constant) to 70 psia and 300oF. Determine (a) If the
A block of solid of mass 2 kg is heated from 300 K to a final temperature of 550 K by transferring 50 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000 K. Determine (a) The specific heat (c) of the solid (b) The
Air is compressed in a frictionless manner in an adiabatic piston-cylinder device from an initial volume of 1000 cc to the final volume of 100 cc. If the initial conditions are 100 kPa, 300 K.(a)
0.5 kg of air is compressed to 1/10th its original volume in a piston cylinder device in an isentropic manner. If the original volume of the piston is 0.5 m3, molar mass of air is 29 kg/kmol, and
Steam at 100 kPa 200oC is compressed to a pressure of 1 MPa in an isentropic manner. Determine the final temperature in Celsius using (a) The PC model. (b) The PG model with k = 1.327.
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.8 kg of O2 at 100 kPa and 27oC. It is now compressed in a polytrophic process (pV1.3 = constant) to half the original volume. Determine (a) The change of
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of hydrogen gas (PG model: c_v = 10.18, k = 1.4, R= 4.12 kJ/kg-K) at 1000 kPa and 300 K. The gas undergoes an expansion process and the final conditions are
Nitrogen at 300 K, 100 kPa is compressed in a piston-cylinder device of volume 1 m3 in a polytrophic manner. If the volumetric compression ratio is 15 and the final pressure after compression is
A cylinder fitted with a piston has an initial volume of 0.1 m3 and contains nitrogen at 100 kPa, 25oC. The piston is moved, compressing the nitrogen until the pressure is 1.5 MPa and the temperature
A rubber ball of mass m is dropped from a height h on a rigid floor. It bounces back and forth and finally comes to rest on the floor. What is the entropy generation in the universe due to this
A piston-cylinder device contains 40 kg of water at 150 kPa and 30oC. The cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m2. Heat is now added causing part of the water to evaporate. When the volume
A piston-cylinder device contains 40 kg of water at 150 kPa and 30oC. The cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m2. Heat is now added causing part of the water to evaporate. When the volume
A block of aluminum with m = 0.5 kg, T = 20oC is dropped into a reservoir at a temperature 90oC. Calculate (a) The change in stored energy. (b) The amount of heat transfer. (c) The change in
If the heat addition takes place from a source at 500oC during the entire process in the above problem, determine.(a) The change of entropy of the steam.(b) Entropy transfer from the source.(c)
A piston-cylinder device contains 1 m3 of N2 at 100 kPa and 300 K (atmospheric conditions).(a) Determine the mass of N2(in kg). The trapped N2 is now rapidly compressed (adiabatically) with
A mass of 10 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of R-12 is contained in a piston-cylinder device at 0oC. Initially half of the mixture is in the liquid phase. Heat is now transferred, and the
An insulated cylinder with a frictionless piston contains 10 L of CO2 at ambient conditions, 100 kPa and 20oC. A force is now applied on the piston, compressing the gas until it reaches a set of
A piston-cylinder device with a set of stops contains 12 kg of refrigerant- 134a. Initially 9 kg of refrigerant is in the liquid form, and the temperature is -12oC. Now heat is transferred from the
A piston-cylinder device has a ring to limit the expansion stroke. Initially, the mass of air is 2 kg at 500 kPa, 30oC. Heat is now transferred until the piston touches the stop, at which point the
An insulated container contains a block of ice of mass 1 ton (US) (1 US ton is 907.2 kg) at -20oC. The insulation is removed, and the ice gradually melts to water and comes to thermal equilibrium
Three alternative processes shown in the accompanying figure are suggested to change the state of one kg of air from 0.8 MPa, 25°C (state-1) to 0.3 MPa, 60°C (state-5). Process 1-2-5 consists of a
An aluminum (Al) block of mass 2000 kg is heated from a temperature of 25oC. Using the SL Simulator RIA (linked from left margin). Determine the final temperature (T2) of the block if the heat input
A 0.8 m3 rigid tank initially contains refrigerant-134a in the saturated vapor form at 0.9 MPa. As a result of heat transfer from refrigerant, the pressure drops to 250 kPa. Determine (a) The final
A rigid tank of volume 50 m3 contains superheated steam at 100 kPa, 200oC. The tank is allowed to cool down to the atmospheric temperature of 10oC. Determine (a) The final pressure. (b) The heat
A rigid tank of volume 10 m3 contains superheated steam at 1 MPa and 400oC. Due to heat loss to the outside atmosphere, the tank gradually cools down to the atmospheric temperature of 25oC.
An insulated rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a membrane. At the beginning, one part contains 3 kg of nitrogen at 500 kPa and 50oC, and the other part is completely evacuated. The
Two tanks are connected by a valve and line. The volumes are both 1 m3 with R-134a at 21oC, quality 25% in tank A and tank B is evacuated. The valve is opened and saturated vapor flows from A to B
A tank whose volume is unknown is divided into two parts by a partition. One side contains 0.02 m3 of saturated liquid R-12 at 0.7 MPa, while the other side is evacuated. The partition is now removed
Two tanks are connected Part A tank is having 0.5 m3 containing hydrogen at 40oC, 200 kPa is connected to Part B tank having 1 m3 rigid tank containing hydrogen at 20oC, 600 kPa. The valve is opened
Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A contains 0.4 m3 of water at 330 kPa and 90 percent quality. Tank B contains 0.5 m3 of water at 250 kPa and 250oC. The valve is now opened, and the two
Two insulated tanks are connected, both containing H2O. Tank-A is at 200 kPa, v = 0.4 m3/kg, V = 1 m3 and tank B contains 3.5 kg at 0.5 MPa, 400oC. The valve is now opened and the two come to a
Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve as shown in the accompanying figure. Tank A is insulated and contains 0.1 m3 of steam at 500 kPa and 90% quality. Tank B is uninsulated and contains 2 kg of
Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A contains 1 m3 of air at 1 MPa, 200oC. Tank B contains 3 m3 of air at 100 kPa, 25oC. The valve is now opened, and air flows from tank A to tank B.
An insulated tank containing 0.5 m3 of R-134a at 500 kPa and 90% quality is connected to an initially evacuated insulated piston-cylinder device as shown in the accompanying figure. The force balance
In the above problem.Determine the entropy generated during the expansion process.
An insulated rigid tank of volume 1 m3 is separated into two chambers by a membrane. One chamber contains 1 kg of saturated liquid water at 100 kPa while the other chamber is completely evacuated.
A rigid, well insulated tank consists of two compartments, each having a volume of 1.5 m3, separated by a valve. Initially, one of the compartments is evacuated and the other contains nitrogen gas at
An insulated cylinder is divided into two parts of 1 m3 each by a membrane. Side A has air at 200 kPa, 25oC, and side B has air at 1 MPa, 1000oC. The membrane is punctured so air comes to a uniform
A rigid tank has two compartments, one 500 times larger than the other. The smaller part contains 2 kg of compressed liquid water at 1 MPa and 25oC, while the other part is completely evacuated. The
An insulated rigid tank has two compartments, one 100 times larger than the other. The smaller part contains 2 kg of compressed liquid water at 400 kPa and 50oC, while the other part is completely
A tank whose volume is unknown is divided into two parts by a partition. One side contains 0.02 m3 of saturated liquid R-12 at 0.7 MPa, while the other side is evacuated. The partition is now
Four ice cubes (3 cm * 2 cm * 1 cm) at -15oC are added to an insulated glass of cola at 15oC. The volume of cola is 1.5 L. Determine.(a) The equilibrium temperature.(b) And the total entropy change
A 40 kg aluminum block at 90oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 0.5 m3 of liquid water at 20oC. Determine the equilibrium temperature.
In the problem described above, determine the entropy generated during the process.
A 25 kg aluminum block initially at 225oC is brought into contact with a 25 kg block of iron at 150oC in an insulating enclosure. Determine. (a) The equilibrium temperature. (b) And the total entropy
A half kg bar of iron, initially at 782oC, is removed from an oven and quenched by immersing it in a closed tank containing 10 kg of water initially at 21oC. Heat transfer from the tank can be
A 15 kg block of copper at 100oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 1 m3 of liquid water at 20oC. Determine. (a) The equilibrium temperature. (b) The entropy generated in this process.
An unknown mass of iron at 80oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 0.1 m3 of liquid water at 20oC. Meanwhile, a paddle wheel driven by a 200 W motor is used to stir the water. When
An insulated rigid tank is initially evacuated. A valve is opened and air at 100 kPa and 25oC enters the tank until the pressure in the tank reaches 100 kPa when the valve is closed. Determine the
An insulated piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.01 m3 of steam at 200°C. The force on the piston is such that it maintains a constant pressure of 400 kPa inside. A valve is then opened and
An insulated piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.2 m3 of R-134a, half (by volume) of which is in the vapor phase. The mass of the piston maintains a constant pressure of 200 kPa inside. A
A 0.5 m3 tank initially contains saturated liquid water at 200oC. A valve in the bottom of the tank is opened and half the liquid is drained. Heat is transferred from a source at 300oC to maintain
In the problem described above, determine the entropy generated in the system's universe during the discharge.
A 0.2 ft3 pressure cooker has an operating pressure of 40 psia. Initially, 50% of the volume is filled with vapor and the rest with liquid water. Determine.The heat transfer necessary to vaporize all
In the problem described above, determine the entropy generated during the process if the volume of the tank is 2 m3.
A 3 m3 tank initially contains air at 100 kPa and 25oC. The tank is connected to a supply line at 550 kPa and 25oC. The valve is opened, and air is allowed to enter the tank until the pressure in the
An insulated rigid tank is initially evacuated. It is then connected through a valve to a supply line that carries steam at 2 MPa and 350oC. The valve is then opened, and steam is allowed to flow
A completely evacuated, insulated, rigid tank with a volume of 8 m3 is filled from a steam line transporting steam at 450oC and 3.5 MPa. Determine(a) The temperature of steam in the tank when its
A 0.2 m3 tank initially contains R-12 at 1 MPa and x = 1. The tank is charged to 1.2 MPa, x = 0 from a supply line that carries R-12 at 1.5 MPa and 30oC. Determine (a) The final temperature.(b) The
In the charging process described above, determine.(a) The change of entropy of refrigerant in the tank.(b) The entropy generation by the device and its surroundings. Assume the surrounding
A 0.5 m3 rigid tank initially contains refrigerant-134a at 0.8 MPa and 100 percent quality. The tank is connected by a valve to a supply line that carries refrigerant- 134a at 1.5 MPa and 30oC. Then
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.1 m3 of steam at 200°C. The force on the piston is such that it maintains a constant pressure of 400 kPa inside. Due to heat rejection to the ambient
A crane lifts a 1000-kg load vertically up at a speed of 0.5 m/s. Assuming no destruction of energy, determine (a) The rate at which energy is transferred into the system (load) and (b) The rate of
A rigid tank contains 1 kg carbon dioxide at 500 kPa and 200oC. Heat at a rate of 5 kW is transferred into the tank from a source at 200oC. Determine (a) the rate of energy transfer from the heating
A cylinder of an internal combustion engine contains 3000 cm3 of gaseous products at a pressure of 10 bars and a temperature of 800oC just before the exhaust valve opens. Determine: (a) The specific
A 1 m3 tank contains air (use the IG model). (a) Plot how the total stored energy (E) and total stored energy (Φ) of air in the tank change as the pressure is increased from 10 kPa to 10 MPa with
Determine: (a) the energy (Φ) of air at 150oC, 50 kPa in a 2m3 storage tank. (b) What-if Scenario: What would the energy be if the tank were filled with steam instead?
A granite rock (ρ = 2700 kg/m3, specific heat = 0.79 kJ/kg-K) with m = 5000 kg, heats up to T = 45oC during daytime due to solar heating. Assuming the surroundings to be at 20oC, determine (a) the
Steam at 1 MPa, 500oC flows through a 10-cm-diameter pipe with a velocity of 25 m/s. Determine the rate of (a) energy (Ψ⋅) transported by the flow. Use the PC model and assume atmospheric
A 20-cm-diameter pipe carries water at 500 kPa, 25oC and 30 m/s. (a) Determine the flow rate of energy (Ψ⋅) through the pipe. Assume atmospheric conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC. Use the SL model
A closed system operating at steady state receives 5000 kW of heat from a source at 1500 K, produces 2000 kW of useful power and rejects the remaining heat into the atmosphere. Determine the rate at
Heat is transferred from a TER at 1500 K to a TER (thermal energy reservoir) at 400 K at a rate of 10 kW. If the atmospheric temperature is 300 K, determine the rate at which energy (a) leaves the
Heat is transferred from a TER at 1500 K to a TER at 500 K at a rate of 5 kW. Determine the rate at which energy (a) Leaves the high-temperature TER, (b) Enters the low-temperature TER and (c) Is
A closed system receives heat at a rate of 2 kW from a source at 1000 K, electrical power at a rate of 2 kW and shaft power at a rate of 2 kW. Determine the net rate of (a) Energy transfer and (b)
Three kilograms of water undergo a process from an initial state where the water is saturated vapor at 140oC, the velocity is 40 m/s, and the elevation is 5 m to a final state where the water is
A balloon filled with helium at 25oC, 100 kPa and a volume of 0.1 m3 is moving at 10 m/s. The balloon is at an elevation of 1 km relative to an energy reference environment of T0 = 20o, p0 = 100 kPa.
An insulated tank contains 20 kg of liquid water at the ambient condition of 100 kPa and 25oC. An internal electric heater is turned on, which consumes 20 kW of electric power. Determine the rate of
A rigid tank contains 20 kg of liquid water at 100 kPa and 25oC. Heat at a rate of 10 kW is transferred into the tank from a source at 1000 K. Determine (a) the rate of energy transfer from the
A house is electrically heated with a resistance heater that draws 15 kW of electric power. It maintains the house at a temperature of 20oC while the outside is 5oC. Assuming steady state, determine
A piston cylinder device initially contains 10 ft3 of helium gas at 25 psia and 40oF. The gas is then compressed in a polytrophic process ( pv1.3= constant) to 70 psia. Determine (a) the minimum work
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of steam at 1.4 MPa and 290oC. Steam then expands to a final state of 220 kPa and 150oC, doing boundary work. Heat losses from the system to the surroundings
Water initially a saturated liquid at 95oC is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly. The water undergoes a process to the corresponding saturated vapor state, during which the piston moves freely
An insulated piston cylinder device contains 20 L of O2 (use the IG model) at 300 kPa and 100oC. It is then heated for 1 min by a 200 W resistance heater placed inside the cylinder. The pressure of
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 20 g of saturated water vapor at 300 kPa. A resistance heater is operated within the cylinder with a current of 0.4 A from a 240 V source until the volume
A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of steam at 900 kPa and 320oC. Steam then expands to a final state of 180 kPa and 135oC, doing work. Heat losses from the system to the surroundings are
Two insulated tanks are connected, both containing H2O. Tank-A is at 200 kPa, v= 0.4 m3/kg, V = 1 m3 and tank B contains 3.5 kg at 0.5 MPa, 400oC. The valve is then opened and the two tanks come to a
A 0.5 m3 rigid tank containing hydrogen at 40oC and 200 kPa is connected to another 1 m3 rigid tank containing hydrogen at 20oC and 600 kPa. The valve is opened and the system is allowed to reach
A tank whose volume is unknown is divided into two parts by a partition. One side contains 0.02 m3 of saturated liquid R-12 at 0.7 MPa, while the other side is evacuated. The partition is removed,
An insulated rigid tank has two compartments, one 10 times larger than the other, divided by a partition. At the beginning the smaller side contains 4 kg of H2O at 200 kPa, 90oC and the other side is
Heat is conducted steadily through a 5 m x 10 m x 10 cm brick wall of a house. On a certain day, the temperature inside is maintained at 25oC when the temperature outside is -5oC. The temperature of
A 40 kg aluminum block at 90oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 0.5 m3 of liquid water at 20oC. Determine the irreversibility in the resulting process if the surrounding temperature is

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