A thermodynamic system is taken from state A to state B to state C., and then back to A, as shown in the p-V diagram of Figure a. The vertical scale is set by ps = 40Pa, and the horizontal scale is...

A small block is at rest on the floor at the front of a railroad boxcar that has length L. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the floor of the car and the block is k. The car, originally at...

The laser in a CD player must precisely follow the spiral track, along which the distance between one loop of the spiral and the next is only about 1.25 /m. A feedback mechanism lets the player know...

A proton is in a box of width L. What must the width of the box be for the ground-level energy to be 5.0 MeV, a typical value for the energy with which the particles in a nucleus are bound? Compare...

What is the probability of finding a particle in a box of length L in the region between x = L/4 and x = 3L/4 when the particle is in (a) The ground level and (b) The first excited level? (c) Are...

The amplitude of a lightly damped oscillator decreases by 3.0% during each cycle. What percentage of the mechanical energy of the oscillator is lost in each cycle?

A wall 2 cm thick is to be constructed from material that has an average thermal conductivity of 1.3 W/m C. The wall is to be insulated with material having an average thermal conductivity of 0.35...

A wedge with mass M rests on a frictionless horizontal tabletop. A block with mass m is placed on the wedge and a horizontal force F is applied to the wedge (Fig. S.84b). What must the magnitude of F...

Two particles in a high-energy accelerator experiment approach each other head-on with a relative speed of 0.890c. Both particles travel at the same speed as measured in the laboratory. What is the...

The preceding problem was an artificial model for the charging capacitor, designed to avoid complications associated with the current spreading out over the surface of the plates. For a more...

Divalent ionic crystals Barium oxide has the NaC1 structure. Estimate the cohesive energies per molecule of the hypothetical crystals Ba + O and Ba ++ O referred to separated neutral atoms. The...

For an 84 kg person standing at the equator, what is the magnitude of the angular momentum about Earth's center due to Earth's rotation?

A 100 W sodium lamp ( = 589 nm) radiates energy uniformly in all directions. (a) At what rate are photons emitted by the lamp? (b) At what distance from the lamp will a totally absorbing screen...

If an f = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to 00, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?

A thin glass rod of radius R and length L carries a uniform surface charge . It is set spinning about its axis, at an angular velocity to. Find the magnetic field at a distance s >> R from the center...

The slope distance and zenith angle observed from point P to point Q were 2013.875 m and 95o 13' 04' , respectively. The instrument and rod target heights were equal. If the elevation of point P is...

Two identical uniform bricks of length L are placed in a stack over the edge of a horizontal surface with the maximum overhang possible without falling, as in Figure P12.24. Find the distance x....

A metal bar, pivoted at one end, oscillates freely in the absence of a magnetic field, its oscillations are quickly damped out. Explain. (This magnetic damping is used in a number of practical...

Grains of fine California beach sand are approximately spheres with an average radius of 50m and are made of silicon dioxide, which has a density of 2600 kg/m3. What mass of sand grains would have a...

A current I flows down a long straight wire of radius a. If the wire is made of linear material (copper, say, or aluminum) with susceptibility Xm, and the current is distributed uniformly, what is...

A puck of mass m = 1.50kg slides in a circle of radius r = 20.0 cm on a frictionless table while attached to a hanging cylinder of mass M = 2.50 kg by a cord through a hole in the table (Figure)....

Two blocks of masses 1.0kg and 3.0 kg are connected by a spring and rest on a frictionless surface. They are given velocities toward each other such that the 1.0 kg block travels initially at 1.7m/s...

A house has well-insulated walls. It contains a volume of 100 m3 of air at 300 K. (a) Calculate the energy required to increase the temperature of this diatomic ideal gas by 1.00C. (b) What If? If...

A Carnot engine has a power output of 150 kW. The engine operates between two reservoirs at 20.0C and 500C. (a) How much energy does it take in per hour? (b) How much energy is lost per hour in its...

A simple harmonic oscillator at the point x = 0 generates a wave on a rope. The oscillator operates at a frequency of 40.0 Hz and with an amplitude of 3.00 cm. The rope has a linear mass density of...

Two slits spaced 0.450 mm apart are placed 75.0 cm from a screen. What is the distance between the second and third dark lines of the interference pattern on the screen when the slits are illuminated...

The wheel in Figure has eight equally spaced spokes and a radius of 30 cm. It is mounted on a fixed axle and is spinning at 2.5 rev/s. You want to shoot a 20-cm-long arrow parallel to this axle and...

Two known charges, -12.0 C and 45.0 C, and an unknown charge are located on the x axis. The charge -12.0 C is at the origin, and the charge 45.0 C is at x = 15.0 cm. The unknown charge is to be...

An electromagnetic wave in vacuum has an electric field amplitude of 220 V/m. Calculate the amplitude of the corresponding magnetic field.

Energy is to be stored in a 70.G-kg flywheel in the shape of a uniform solid disk with radius R = 1.20 m. To prevent structural failure of the flywheel, the maximum allowed radial acceleration of a...

The magnetic field B at the center of a circular coil of wire carrying a current l (as in Fig, 20-9) is Where N is the number of loops in the coil and r is its radius. Suppose that an electromagnet...

Compute your average velocity in the following two cases: (a) You walk 73.2 m at a speed of 1.22 m/s and then run 73.2 m at a speed of 3.05 m/s along a straight track. (b) You walk for 1.00 min at a...

A spaceship lifts off vertically from the Moon, where g = 1.6 m/s2. If the ship has an upward acceleration of 1.0 m/s2 as it lifts off, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by the ship on its...

In Figure a ball of mass m = 60 g is shot with speed vi = 22 m/s into the barrel of a spring gun of mass M = 240 g initially at rest on a frictionless surface. The ball sticks in the barrel at the...

A recruit can join the semi-secret "300 F" club at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station only when the outside temperature is below 70oC. On such a day, the recruit first basks in a hot sauna and...

In Figure, R 1 = 6.00 , R 2 = 18.0 , and the ideal battery has emf = 12.0 V. What are the (a) Size and (b) Direction (left or right) of current i 1 ? (c) How much energy is dissipated by all four...

An ideal monatomic gas is taken through the cycle in the PV diagram. (a) If there are 0.0200 mol of this gas, what are the temperature and pressure at point C? (b) What is the change in internal...

Two Earth satellites, A and B, each of mass m, are to be launched into circular orbits about Earth's center. Satellite A is to orbit at an altitude of 6370 km. Satellite B is to orbit at an altitude...

A car travels at 120 km/hr. If the earth's magnetic field is 4.3 X 105 Wb/m2, find the induced voltage in the car bumper of length 1.6 m. Assume that the angle between the earth magnetic field and...

Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in Figure. A linearly...

One mole of an ideal gas is heated slowly so that it goes from the PV state (Pi , Vi) to (3Pi, 3Vi) in such a way that the pressure is directly proportional to the volume. (a) How much work is done...

Suppose that the current through a conductor decreases exponentially with time according to the equation I (t) = Ioe-t/r where I0 is the initial current (at t = 0), and + is a constant having...

A certain toaster has a heating element made of Nichrome wire. When the toaster is first connected to a 120-V source (and the wire is at a temperature of 20.0C), the initial current is 1.80 A....

Show that the gravitational self-energy (energy of assembly piecewise from infinity) of a uniform sphere of mass M and radius R is 3 GM? 5 R

Find the force law for a central-force field that allows a particle to move in a spiral orbit given by r = k2, where k is a constant.

In a lecture demonstration, an empty can is used to demonstrate the force exerted by air pressure (Fig. 9.35). A small quantity of water is poured into the can, and the water is brought to a boil....

Treat the problem of wave propagation along a string loaded with particles of two different masses, m and m, which alternate in placement; that is, Show that the w k curve has two branches in this...

A train with proper length L moves at speed c/2 with respect to the ground. A ball is thrown from the back to the front, at speed c/3 with respect to the train. How much time does this take, and what...

Solve the preceding problem if the mass of the tail gate is MT = 27 kg and that of the crate is MC = 68 kg. Use dimensions H = 305 mm, L = 406 mm, dC = 460 mm, and dT = 350 mm. The cable...

Positive charge Q is uniformly distributed around a semicircle of radius a (Fig. 21.49). Find the electric field (magnitude and direction) at the center of curvature P.

A single-slit diffraction pattern is formed by monochromatic electromagnetic radiation from a distant source passing through a slit 0.105 mm wide. At the point in the pattern 3.250 from the center of...

(a) What is the current in a 5.60- resistor connected to a battery that has a 0.200- internal resistance if the terminal voltage of the battery is 10.0 V? (b) What is the emf of the battery?

In Figure ?a? both batteries have emf ? = 1.20 V and the external resistance R is a variable resistor. Figure ?b? gives the electric potentials 7 between the terminals of each battery as functions of...

Fight possesses momentum. This can be demonstrated with a radiometer, shown in the sketch. Metal vanes painted black on one side and white on the other are free to rotate around the point of a needle...

What is the resistance of toaster if 120V produces a current of 4.2A?

A planet of density p1 (spherical core, radius R1) with a thick spherical cloud of dust (density p2, radius R2) is discovered. What is the force on a particle of mass m placed within the dust cloud?

A certain microscope is provided with objectives that have focal lengths of 16 mm, 4 mm, and 1.9 mm and with eyepieces that have angular magnifications of 5 x and l0 X. Each objective forms an image...

Figure shows a cold package of hot dogs sliding rightward across a frictionless floor through a distance d = 20.0 cm while three forces act on the package. Two of them are horizontal and have the...

A certain radioactive (parent) nucleus transforms to a different (daughter) nucleus by emitting an electron and a neutrino. The parent nucleus was at rest at the origin of an xy coordinate system....

In Figure, a uniform electric field E collapses. The vertical axis scale is set by E s = 6.0 x 103N/C, and the horizontal axis scale is set by E s = 12.0s. Calculate the magnitude of the displacement...

An air-track cart with mass m1 = 0.32 kg and initial speed v0 = 0.85 m/s collides with and sticks to a second cart that is at rest initially. If the mass of the second cart is m2 = 0.44 kg, how much...

(a) For what frequencies does a 22.0-F capacitor have a reactance below 175 ? (b) What If? Over this same frequency range, what is the reactance of a 44.0-F capacitor?

A force in the + x-direction has magnitude F = b/xn, where b and n are constants. (a) For n > 1, calculate the work done on a particle by this force when the particle moves along the x-axis from x =...

Squaw Valley ski area in California claims that its lifts can move 47,000 people per hour. If the average lift carries people about 200m (vertically) higher, estimate the power needed.

From what maximum height can a 75-kg person jump without breaking the lower leg bone of either leg? Ignore air resistance and assume the CM of the person moves a distance of 0.60 m from the standing...

How much energy would be required to break a helium nucleus into its constituents, two protons and two neutrons? The rest masses of a proton (including an electron), a neutron, and helium are,...

A long, straight wire has fixed negative charge with a linear charge density of magnitude 3.6nC/m. The wire is to be enclosed by a coaxial, thin-walled non-conducting cylindrical shell of radius 1.5...

Two wires, parallel to a z axis and a distance 4r apart, carry equal currents i in opposite directions, as shown in Figure. A circular cylinder of radius r and length L has its axis on the z axis,...

1. Find the total force on the bottom of a cylindrical water tower 55.0 m high and 7.53 m in radius. 2. Find the total force on the side of a cylindrical water tower 55.0 m high and 7.53 m in radius....

One cubic meter of atomic hydrogen at 0C and atmospheric pressure contains approximately 2.70 X 1025 atoms. The first excited state of the hydrogen atom has an energy of 10.2 eV above the lowest...

Later in our study of physics we will encounter quantities represented by (A X 11) C. (a) Prove that for any three vectors A, B, and C, A (B X c) = (A X B) C. (b) Calculate (A X B) C for the three...

Entering the Freeway a car sits in an entrance ramp to a freeway, waiting for a break in the traffic. The driver accelerates with constant acceleration along the ramp and onto the freeway. The car...

Comparing Thermodynamic Processes In a cylinder, 1.20 mol of an ideal monatomic gas, initially at 3.60 X 105 Pa and 300 K, expands until its volume triples. Compute the work done by the gas if the...

A 30.0-cm long solenoid 1.25cm in diameter is to produce a field of 0.385 T at its center. How current should the solenoid carry if it has 975 turns of the wire?

An electron has a de Broglie wavelength = 5.0 x 1010m. (a) What is its momentum? (b) What is its speed? (c) What voltage was needed to accelerate it to this speed?

A circular curve of highway is designed for traffic moving at 60 km/h. Assume the traffic consists of cars without negative lift. (a) If the radius of the curve is 150 m, what is the correct angle of...

A simple harmonic oscillator consists of a block of mass 2.00 kg attached to a spring of spring constant 100 N/m. When t = 1.00 s, the position and velocity of the block are x = 0.129 m and v = 3.415...

On the way to the Moon the Apollo astronauts reached a point where the Moons gravitational pull became stronger than the Earths. (a) Determine the distance of this point from the center of the Earth....

(a) From the expression for E obtained in Problem 22.40, find the expressions for the electric potential V as a function of r, both inside and outside the cylinder. Let V = 0 at the surface of the...

How many moles of water are there in 1.000 L? How many molecules?

A sinusoidal wave of angular frequency 1200 rad/s and amplitude 3.00 mm is sent along a cord with linear density 2.00 glm and tension 1200 N. (a) What is the average rate at which energy is...

Show that the difference between decibel levels B1 and B2 of a sound is related to the ratio of the distances r1 and r2 from the sound source by B2 B2 = 20 log (r1/r2)

A bookcase weighing 1500 N rests on a horizontal surface for which the coefficient of static friction is p = 0.40. The bookcase is 1.80 m tall and 2.00 m wide; its center of gravity is at its...

Compare Amperes law with the BiotSavart law. Which is more generally useful for calculating B for a current carrying conductor?

The isotope: 32/15P is produced by the reaction; n +? 32/15P + p. what must be the target nucleus?

Figure shows a Geiger counter, a device used to detect ionizing radiation, which causes ionization of atoms. A thin, positively charged central wire is surrounded by a concentric, circular,...

Two small speakers emit sound waves of different frequencies. Speaker A has an output of 1.00 mW, and speaker B has an output of 1.50 mW. Determine the sound level (in dB) at point C (Fig. P17.31) if...

Estimate the observed wavelength for the 656-nm line in the Balmer series of hydrogen in the spectrum of a galaxy whose distance from us is (a) 1.0 x 106 ly, (b) 1.0 x 108 ly, (c) 1.0 x 1010 ly.

An L-C circuit containing an 80.0-mH inductor and a 1.25-nF capacitor oscillates with a maximum current of 0.750 A. Calculate: (a) The maximum charge on the capacitor and (b) The oscillation...

Fig. 13.27a shows a snapshot of a wave traveling on a rope, and Fig. 13.27b describes the position as a function of time of a point on the rope. (a) What is the amplitude of the traveling wave? (b)...

On a printed circuit board, a relatively long straight conductor and a conducting rectangular loop lie in the same plane, as shown in Figure P31.9. Taking h = 0.400 mm, w = 1.30 mm, and L = 2.70 mm,...

Two gravitating masses m1 and m2 (m1 + m2 = M) are separated by a distance r0 and released from rest. Show that when the separation is r ( 2G/1 2G/1

A perfectly conducting flat screen occupies half of the x-y plane (i.e., x 0 and wave number ? is incident along the z axis from the region z 0. Let the coordinates of the observation point be (X, 0,...

A 2.50 kg beverage can is thrown directly downward from a height of 4.00 m, with an initial speed of 3.00 m/s the at drag on the can is negligible. What is the kinetic energy of the can? (a) As it...

At some instant the velocity components of an electron moving between two charged parallel plates are vx = 1.5 x 105 m/s and vy = 3.0 x 103 m/s. Suppose the electric field between the plates is given...

Figure shows a closed Gaussian surface in the shape of a cube of edge length 2.00 m. It lies in a region where the electric field is given by E = (3.00x + 4.00)i + 6.00j + 7.00k N/C, What is the net...

A beam of light consisting of wavelengths from 460.0 nm to 640.0 nm is directed perpendicularly onto a diffraction grating with 160lines/mm. (a) What is the lowest order that is overlapped by another...

An electron is released from rest on the axis of a uniform positively charged ring, 0.100 m from the rings center. If the linear charge density of the ring is +0.100 C/m and the radius of the ring is...

A railroad train is traveling at 25.0 m/s in still air. The frequency of the note emitted by the locomotive whistle is 400 Hz. What is the wavelength of the sound waves? (a) In front of the...

An asteroid with a diameter of l0 km and a mass of 2.60 X 1015 kg impacts the earth at a speed of 32.0 km/s, landing in the Pacific Ocean. If 1.00% of the asteroid's kinetic energy goes to boiling...