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business
financial markets institutions

Questions and Answers of Financial Markets Institutions

How does the primary function of an insurance company compare with that of a depository institution? (LG 15-1) LO.1
See GECC’s website, www.gecapital.com LO.1
How have these data changed since 2016? LO.1
Calculate the percentage of total industry assets held by savings institutions with asset size under $100 million, between $100 million and $1 billion, between $1 billion and $10 billion, and over
What is the adverse selection problem? How does adverse selection affect the profitable management of an insurance company? (LG 15-1) LO.1
How has the number of savings institutions and the dollar value of assets held by savings institutions changed since 2016 as reported in Figure 14–3? LO.1
What signal does a low debt-to-assets ratio for a finance company send to the capital markets? (LG 14-8) LO.1
Contrast the balance sheets of depository institutions with those of life insurance firms. (LG 15-3) LO.1
What is a wholesale motor vehicle loan? (LG 14-8) LO.1
Why have finance companies begun to offer more mortgage and home equity loans? (LG 14-7) LO.1
How has the composition of the assets of U.S. life insurance companies changed over time? (LG 15-3) LO.1
Why are finance companies less regulated than commercial banks?(LG 14-9) LO.1
What advantages do finance companies have over banks in offering services to small-business customers? (LG 14-8) LO.1
What are the similarities and differences among the four basic lines of life insurance products? (LG 15-2) LO.1
Why was the reported rate on motor vehicle loans historically higher for a finance company than a commercial bank? Why did this change in 1997? (LG 14-8) LO.1
What has been the fastest-growing area of asset business for finance companies? (LG 14-8) LO.1
Explain how annuities represent the reverse of life insurance activities.(LG 15-2) LO.1
What are the major assets and liabilities held by finance companies?(LG 14-8) LO.1
How does the amount of equity as a percentage of assets compare for finance companies and commercial banks? What accounts for the difference? (LG 14-8) LO.1
How can life insurance and annuity products be used to create a steady stream of cash disbursements and payments to avoid either the payment or receipt of a single lump sum cash amount? (LG
What are the three types of finance companies and how do they differ from commercial banks? (LG 14-7) LO.1
How did the corporate credit unions perform during the financial crisis? (LG 14-5) LO.1
How have local credit unions performed over the last several decades?(LG 14-5) LO.1
If an insurance company decides to offer a corporate customer a private pension fund, how would this change the balance sheet of the insurance company? (LG 15-3) LO.1
What was Bank Transfer Day? (LG 14-5) LO.1
Why did commercial banks pursue legal action against the credit union industry in the late 1990s? What was the result of this legal action? (LG 14-5) LO.1
Who are the regulators of credit unions? (LG 14-6) LO.1
What are the main assets and liabilities held by credit unions? (LG 14-6) LO.1
How does the size of the credit union industry compare to the commercial banking industry? (LG 14-5) LO.1
Describe the three-tier system that makes up the credit union industry.(LG 14-5) LO.1
How does the regulation of insurance companies compare with that of depository institutions? (LG 15-4) LO.1
Why were credit unions less affected by the sharp increase in interest rates in the late 1970s and early 1980s than the savings institution industry? (LG 14-5) LO.1
How and why is credit union membership limited? (LG 14-5) LO.1
How do credit unions differ from savings institutions? (LG 14-1) LO.1
How has the savings institution industry performed over the last several decades? (LG 14-4) LO.1
What does it mean when a savings institution is a mutual organization? (LG 14-1) LO.1
What regulatory agencies oversee deposit insurance services to savings institutions? (LG 14-3) LO.1
What are the main assets and liabilities held by savings institutions?(LG 14-2) LO.1
What two major pieces of legislation were adopted in the late 1980s and early 1990s to ameliorate the thrift crisis? Explain. (LG 14-1) LO.1
How do state guarantee funds for life insurance companies compare with deposit insurance for depository institutions? (LG 15-4) LO.1
What were the reasons for the crisis of the savings institutions industry in the mid-1980s? (LG 14-1) LO.1
How do the balance sheets of savings institutions differ from those of commercial banks? How do their sizes compare? (LG 14-1) LO.1
How do life insurance companies earn profits? (LG 15-3) LO.1
What are the two major lines of property–casualty (P&C) insurance firms? (LG 15-5) LO.1
How have P&C industry product lines based on net premiums written by insurance companies changed over time? (LG 15-5) LO.1
What are the three sources of underwriting risk in the P&C industry?(LG 15-5) LO.1
Identify four characteristics or features of the perils insured against by property–casualty insurance. Rank the features in terms of actuarial predictability and total loss potential. (LG
How do increases in unexpected inflation affect P&C insurers? (LG 15-5) LO.1
Contrast the balance sheet of a property–casualty insurance company with the balance sheet of a commercial bank. Explain the balance sheet differences in terms of the differences in the primary
What does the loss ratio measure? What has been the long-term trend of the loss ratio? Why? (LG 15-6) LO.1
What does the expense ratio measure? Identify and explain the two major sources of expense risk to a property–casualty insurer. Why has the long-term trend in this ratio been decreasing? (LG
How is the combined ratio defined? What does it measure? (LG 15-6) LO.1
What is the investment yield on premiums earned? Why has this ratio become so important to property–casualty insurers? (LG 15-6) LO.1
Calculate the following: (LG 15-2)a. What is the amount of the annuity purchase required if you wish to receive a fixed payment of $200,000 for 20 years? Assume that the annuity will earn 10 percent
Calculate the following: (LG 15-2)a. What is the amount of the annuity purchase required if you wish to receive a fixed payment of $240,000 for 20 years? Assume that the annuity will earn 7 percent
Calculate the following: (LG 15-6)a. If the loss ratio on a line of property insurance is 73 percent, the loss adjustment expense is 12.5 percent, and the ratio of commissions and other acquisitions
An insurance company’s projected loss ratio is 77.5 percent, and its expense ratio is 23.9 percent. It estimates that dividends to policyholders will add another 5 percent. What is the minimum
An insurance company’s projected loss ratio is 64.8 percent and its expense ratio is 25.6 percent. The company estimates that dividends to page 505 policyholders will be 6 percent. What must be the
An insurance company collected $12.75 million in premiums and disbursed $9.18 million in losses. Loss adjustment expenses amounted to 20.1 percent and dividends paid to policyholders totaled 5
A property–casualty insurer brings in $5.55 million in premiums on its homeowners multiple line of insurance. The line’s losses amount to$3,962,700, expenses are $1,526,250, and dividends are
How have the values of government securities, corporate securities, mortgages, and policy loans changed since 2016? LO.1
What are the likely reasons for these changes? LO.1
What are total revenues and assets of the top 10 insurance companies? LO.1
How have these values changed since 2015 as reported in Table 15–8? LO.1
The universal life policyholder buys a policy in which the underlying investments will build cash value over time. The policyholder funds the policy for a certain number of years and the growth in
One possible way to do this would be for the insurer to buy a 25-year maturity zerocoupon Treasury bond that has an annual discount yield of 5 percent. LO.1
The need for a more certain stream of cash flows to pay off policies is a major reason for the investment in bonds. The bull market of the 1990s is a major reason for the large percentage of assets
An additional line of defense against unexpected underwriting losses is the insurer’s investment income from its asset portfolio plus any new premium income flows.Consequently, falling asset values
In some product liability cases, such as those involving asbestos, the nature of the risk being covered was not fully understood at the time many of the policies were written. For example, in the
In what ways are securities firms and investment banks financial intermediaries? (LG 16-1) LO.1
How has the size of the securities firm and investment banking industry changed since the late 1980s? (LG 16-1)page 529 LO.1
What are the different firms in the securities industry and how do they differ from each other? (LG 16-1) LO.1
Contrast the activities of securities firms with other FIs. (LG 16-2) LO.1
What are the key activity areas for securities firms? How does each activity area assist in the generation of profits and what are the major risks for each area? (LG 16-2) LO.1
Explain the difference between the investing and investment banking activities performed by securities firms and investment banks. (LG 16-2) LO.1
How does a public offering differ from a private placement? (LG 16-2) LO.1
What is venture capital? (LG 16-2) LO.1
What are the different types of venture capital firms? How do institutional venture capital firms differ from angel venture capital firms? (LG 16-2) LO.1
What are the advantages and disadvantages to a new or small firm of getting capital funding from a venture capital firm? (LG 16-2) LO.1
How do agency transactions differ from principal transactions for market makers? (LG 16-2) LO.1
Why have brokerage commissions earned by securities firms fallen since 1977? (LG 16-2) LO.1
What three factors accounted for the resurgence in profits for securities firms from 1991 to 2000? (LG 16-3) LO.1
How did the financial crisis affect the performance of securities firms and investment banks? (LG 16-3) LO.1
What was the largest single asset and largest single liability of securities firms in 2015? (LG 16-3) LO.1
An investor notices that an ounce of gold is priced at $1,018 in London and $1,025 in New York. What action could the investor take to try to profit from the price discrepancy? Which of the six
An investment bank agrees to underwrite a $5,000,000 bond issue for the JCN corporation on a firm commitment basis. The investment bank pays JCN on Thursday and plans to begin a public sale on
Using Table 16–6, which type of security accounts for most underwriting in the United States? Which is likely to be more costly to underwrite: corporate debt or equity? Why? (LG 16-3) LO.1
What was the significance of the National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996? (LG 16-4) LO.1
What have been the trends in global securities trading and underwriting in the 1990s–2010s? (LG 16-3) LO.1
An investment bank pays $33.50 per share for 4 million shares of GM in a firm commitment stock offering. It then can sell those shares to the public for $32 per share. How much money does GM
What is the most recent level of total U.S. underwriting activity? LO.1
What is the distribution of underwriting by type of security underwritten(e.g., straight corporate debt, convertible debt, etc.)? LO.1
How has the distribution of underwriting activity changed since 2016, as reported in Table 16–6? LO.1
This reflected more than 10,800 deals in 2000. LO.1
Discount brokers and electronic trading securities firms usually charge lower commissions than do full-service brokers such as Merrill Lynch. LO.1
Venture capital firms generally play an active management role in the firms in which they invest, often including a seat on the board of directors, and hold significant equity stakes.This
An example is investing cash in the S&P Index and selling futures contracts on the S&P Index. Since stocks and futures contracts trade in different markets, their prices are not always equal. LO.1
What is a mutual fund? In what sense is it a financial institution?(LG 17-1) LO.1
What benefits do mutual funds have for individual investors?(LG 17-1) LO.1
What are long-term mutual funds? In what assets do these funds usually invest? What factors caused the strong growth in this type of page 562 fund during the 1990s and the decline in growth in the

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