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business
operations management 6th

Questions and Answers of Operations Management 6th

3. Is forecasting a skill or a science? Explain.
4. Why do some investments in forecasting yield a negative net return?
5. Why does the marketing function usually make sales forecasts?
6. When should a quantitative forecast be substituted for judgment?
7. Name three subjective methods of forecasting, and give the origin of the data for each.
8. Name three quantitative or statistical forecasting methods that use time as the basis for changes in demand.
9. What cautions should be observed in checking on statistical forecasts? Why?
10. Why are computers often used in evaluating forecast models to select one that ap- pears to be best suited to a pattern of previous demand and for making routine, repetitive forecasts after a
11. Discuss a possible reason for using (a) the MAD, (b) the MSE, and (c) the MAPE as a measure with which to compare the accuracy of two forecast models.
12. Why do forecasting methods need to be monitored or controlled?
1. Here is a series of weekly demand data, covering 8 weeks, that the Forever Young Cos- metic Company collected on one of its products and forecasts for the corresponding weeks, made by forecast
2. The Forever Young Cosmetics Company used forecast model 2 to forecast demand for a different product. Eight weeks of actual data and forecast data are shown below.a. Calculate the MAD based on
3. On the basis of the mean absolute percentage error, does it appear that the fore- cast model in problem 1 or the model in problem 2 does the better job of fore- casting? If you worked the two
4. Given below is a series of weekly demand for outpatient care at an ambulatory center. Also shown are forecasts of demand calculated by two forecasting methods that are under consideration.a.
5. Given below are the actual demand and the forecasts made by two forecast models.a. Compute the MAD for both forecast models.b. Compute the RSFE for both forecast models.c. Indicate which model you
6. Here are 2 years' worth of monthly demand data for fleece jackets at a large sporting goods store:a. Calculate the 3-month moving averages for the data.b. Calculate the 6-month moving averages for
7. Given below are data on the monthly demand for a product.a. Compute the 3-month moving average of this demand. Does this series still show seasonal variation?b. Compute the 12-month moving average
8. The Olde Favorite Ice Cream Shoppe has recorded the demand for a particular fla- vor during the past 6 weeks, as shown below.a. Calculate a 3-week moving average for the data to forecast demand
9. Demand for a certain model of snowboard during the past 5 months is shown below:a. Compute the forecast demand for each month from November through March, us- ing single exponential smoothing with
10.a. Repeat problem 9 with a = 0.4.b. Compute the MAD for this forecast model based on the data for December, Janu- ary, February, and March.c. Which appears to be the better value ofa, 0.2 or 0.4?
11. The following table represents monthly sales data for a particular model of racing tires for motorcycles.a. Calculate the single exponentially smoothed forecast, using an a of 0.20 and an initial
12. The following table represents sales data for pounds of butter (in hundreds) sold by a supermarket.a. Use single exponential smoothing to forecast demand, with an of 0.20 and an initial forecast
13.a. Use double exponential smoothing to forecast sales through period 11 for the following data. Use an a of 0.30, a B of 0.50, an initial base of 29.0, and a trend of 1.0.b. Also calculate the
14.a. Use double exponential smoothing to forecast sales using an a of 0.20, a B of 0.50, an initial base of*38.0, and a trend of 2.0.b. Extend the forecasts through period 15. PERIOD SALES 1 39 2 47
15.a. Use double exponential smoothing to forecast sales with an a of 0.20, a B of 0.40, an initial base of 59.0, and a trend of 1.0.b. At each period calculate the MAD based on the data available up
16. The Deadweight Anchor Company has experienced the following demand for a particular model of boat anchor during the past 2 years:a. Compute and plot the 4month moving average for these data.b.
18. Given below are 2 years of quarterly demand data for a particular model of personal computer from a local computer store.a. Deseasonalize the data with a moving average, and compute a linear
19. Here are 2 years of quarterly data on demand for rucksacks from an outdoor retailer:a. Deseasonalize the data with a moving average and compute a regression equation for the trend in demand.b.
20.Given below are 2 years of quarterly data on demand for a particular model of electric blender at a mail-order warehouse.a. Deseasonalize the data with a moving average and compute a regression
Assume that the trend line equation for the data of problem 16 is Yr = 1,244 +4.53X, where X is each month in the series of data beginning with 1, 2, 3, etc.a. Compute the average multiplicative
A linear equation for the trend in demand data was found to be Yr = 1,524 + 5.2X, where X is the number of the month as designated in the table that follows.a. Project the trend values for each month
23. The owners of a beer distributorship want to forecast the level of sales for the next 2 years, so they can determine the requirements for resources such as storage space, refrigerated storage,
24. An established photo processing laboratory has experienced a consistent decline in business, owing primarily to the spread of 1-hour photo processing minilaboratories. The following data
25.a. Calculate the five four-quarter moving averages that can be found from the data in problem 24. Determine the linear regression equation for these points, and com- pare it with the line
26. The sales manager of a local building material supply chain suspects that the sales of roofing materials are correlated with the amount of framing lumber sold 1 or 2 months earlier. Use the data
27.a. Using the sales data in problem 26, develop a regression equation to express the number of units of roofing that you would expect to sell as a function of the num- ber of units of lumber sold
28. Soft Touch Carpet Installers is trying to select a forecasting model to determine the number of carpet installers the company will require each month. A relationship is thought to exist between
a. Using the data in problem 28, develop a regression model to express demand for carpet installation as a function of the building permits issued 3 months prior to the demand. (Use the first 8
30. A bank in a rapidly growing city is outgrowing its facility. The bank officers feel that the operations (proof, transit, computer, bookkeeping) part of the bank should be moved. They are looking
1. Use the 36 successive values of demand data given in problem 2 to determine the number of periods to include in a moving average so that the MAD is minimized. You can construct a spreadsheet with
2. Given below are 36 months of sales data from Redwood Rummage Company. Construct a spreadsheet to calculate an exponential smoothing forecast for each month, using a forecast of 450 for the first
3. Repeat problem 2, but select the forecast model that minimizes the mean square error.Why might the model (value ofa) that minimizes the MSE be different from the one that minimized the MAD?
4. Use a spreadsheet template to see how long it takes for the effects of an initial forecast to “wash out.” You can develop another template, or you can use the one developed for problem 2, but
5. Repeat problem 4 using an a of 0.5.
1. United Parcel Service is the world’s largest package distribution company. With more than 500 aircraft, 157,000 trucks, and 1,700 facilities worldwide, UPS delivers as many as 3 billion packages
2. Nordstrom is a fashion retailer with 99 stores in 22 states, as well as a mail-order catalog and an on-line store. Imagine that you are doing market research on whether it would be profitable for
17. A Midwest distributor has handled a particular brand of two-cycle motor oil for the past 5 years. The demand data for the product during those years are given below.a. Plot the data. Should the
1. Why should location decisions be considered from a broad systems view?
2. Why can location seldom be selected on the basis of tangible cost alone?
3. What three major categories of factors influence operations location?
4. How may tangible costs and intangible factors be compared to arrive at a location decision?
5. Why do various organizations emphasize different location factors?
6. What trade-off is made as the area serviced by a distribution center is expanded?
7. When should profit be considered in location analysis? Discuss the usefulness of costprofit-volume analysis in locating a service operation.
8. What are the steps in solving the location problem?
9. Is monetary cost or profit always the appropriate criterion for location decisions?Why?
10. Which of the factors discussed in the chapter are most important in determining the location of the following? Briefly explain the reason for your answer.a. A garment plantb. A paper millc. An
11.a. What factors would lead a company to be market-oriented rather than materialsoriented in selecting its location?b. What factors favor a materials orientation?
1. Pueblo, a southwestern chain of stores that sells decorative accessories for the home, is considering opening a store in New England. Three potential sites are being evaluated for the new store.
2. Marie Hartwell is comparing two sites for her clothing boutique, which she has decided to relocate from a tiny strip mall that has had declining business over the past 2 years.Marie’s casual
3. Your company is considering expanding into the Sun Belt. Your industry is heavily dependent on water transportation, so the preliminary research has narrowed the location to three sites near port
4. The Michael Corporation has plants in three cities. It distributes products from these plants to some customers and to two distribution centers. The company is planning to open a third
5. Nancy Andrews is president of the Andrews Electronic Company, which assembles pocket calculators and minicomputers. The company currently has plants in Los Angeles, California, and Richmond,
6. The Hi Sun Chemical Division of a Taiwanese trading company is evaluating potential sites for an additional factory so it can better access the low labor costs and high potential demand of
7. The Theodore Corporation supplies its entire market from its location in Kansas City. Orders of sufficient size are shipped by rail where rail service is available at the destination.Mr. Theodore
8. A company is performing a simplified analysis to determine approximately how far apart it should locate its warehouses. The company estimates that the fixed costs of operating a warehouse are
1. Malden Mills, manufacturers of the Polarfleece and Polartec fabrics that are so popular for outerwear, suffered a catastrophe in the mid-1990s. Three of its main buildings burned to the ground at
2. Citicorp is located in 98 countries and territories around the world. Visit the Web site for Citibank, which is part of Citicorp, at www.citibank.com/about, and browse through the sites that deal
3. Assume the role of a consultant to a major retailer—say, Macy’s, Home Depot (or Lowe’s), Target, Crate and Barrel, or the like. You’ve been hired to research the potential profitability of
A job has been time-studied for 20 observations. The mean actual time was 5.83 minutes, and the standard deviation of the times is estimated to be 2.04 minutes.How many total observations should be
An analyst has observed a job long enough to become familiar with it and has divided it into five elements. The element times for the first four cycles and a performance rating for each element are
1. What is a work standard? State two ways that standards may be expressed.
2. What are four basic criteria for determining jobs most suitable for measurement?
3. What are the steps in performing a stopwatch time study?
4. What factors should be considered in the determination of a standard?
5. Why do time-study analysts break jobs into elements?
6. Distinguish between actual time, normal time, and standard time.
7. What are predetermined motion times?
8. Distinguish between work sampling and time study.
9. How can historical records be used in the development of standards?
10.a. What are standard data?b. What are some advantages of using standard data?
11. What are some of the characteristics that differentiate office work from factory work?
1. A job has been time-studied for 30 observations. The mean actual time was 3.66 minutes, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was found to be 20 percent (CV = 0.20).How many total observations
2. A job has been time-studied for several cycles, and the mean actual time was found to be 1.84 minutes. The standard deviation of the actual times was estimated to be 0.38 minute. How many
3. Time-study observations of a job have been completed, and the mean actual time was found to be 6.28 minutes. The analyst estimated that the observed worker had a performance rating of 110 percent
4. An analyst has become familiar with a job and has divided it into four elements. The element times for the first four cycles are given in the table below with a performance rating for each
5. An analyst has observed a job long enough to become familiar with it and has divided it into four elements. The element times for the first five cycles are shown in the following table with a
6. The analyst in problem 4 performed a work-sampling study for the same task and recorded the counts shown in the following table for three categories of activities.What allowance should be made for
7. The analyst in problem 5 performed a work-sampling study for the same task and recorded the counts shown in the following table for three categories of activities.What allowance should be made for
8. Ajax Car Rental Service has attempted to streamline the process of completing a rental contract so that customers may obtain cars with minimum delay. The manager has timed 20 transactions from the
9. Arrow Airlines has attempted to streamline the process of booking flight reservations in order to service the maximum number of on-site customers. The manager has timed 40 transactions from the
10. The Donnelly Company owns 100 machines for lease by the day to customers. Randomly selected records of 30 days show that on average 44 machines are rented each day. How many records should be
A production line is to be established to produce 300 modems per day (460 minutes).The production tasks, their times, and their precedence requirements are shown in the table below.(a) Using a
1. The Techno Toy Company is considering producing a handheld computer “pet” that children will have to “care for” by pressing certain keys when the pet produces audio or visual signals
2. The table below shows the tasks, times, and precedence requirements for the work required to assemble a hair dryer. The company wants to produce 360 units in a 460-minute shift.a. Draw a diagram
4, The Dreamhouse Company is a small toy manufacturer that produces exclusive dollhouses.The company is going to manufacture a new, deluxe model with working electric lights and will be assigning
5. The Vroom Vacuum Company is installing an assembly line to produce a new model of vacuum cleaner, and as the operations manager, your job is to balance the line. The tasks that need to be
7. Arrange six square departments in a grid like the one shown, so as to meet the objectives listed:Department A near E A near D A near G Bnear C B near D F near D E near F
8. The grid shown here is an initial layout of four square departments within a square office building. The number of moves each week between departments is as follows:A—B = 200, A-C = 300, A—D =
9. Arrange six square departments | through 6 in a 2 X 3 grid like the figure in problem 7 so that the nearness priorities shown in the matrix below are satisfied.a = absolutely necessaryé = very

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