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organizational behavior and management
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Behavior And Management
Discuss the similarities and differences betw1een Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and E.R.G. theory. What insights do you gain from each theory?
Discuss the different ways of expressing the need for power as described in McClelland’s achievement motivation theory. Which of the two types of power do you respond to best?Why?
Which parts of Herzberg’s motivator–hygiene theory made useful contributions to understanding motivation in organizations?
What is the relationship between monetary rewards and different needs? How should managers view money as a motivator for people with different needs?
Discuss the international aspects of the need theories.
Review the discussion of ethical issues and the need theories of motivation. Discuss those issues with the goal of taking a strong position on them.
Review the various reactions to inequity described earlier. How have you reacted to inequity in the past?
Discuss goal-setting theory and its several steps for setting goals. Would you expect such activities to have a positive effect on your work performance?
The criticisms raised about behavior modification. Discuss those criticisms. Do those criticisms limit the use of behavior modification in organizations?
Review the discussion of the international aspects of the motivational theories.
Discuss the factors that affect a person’s perception of a job’s objective characteristics. What implications do you see for a job redesign strategy? Discuss examples from your work experiences.
Discuss the role of individual moderators in job design. Which needs discussed in earlier chapters are closely tied to the concept of growth need strength? Will you find differences in important
Review the discussion of ethics and job design. Are those real issues facing managers in modern organizations? Why?
Discuss the model of cohesive group formation. Apply it to your experiences. Discuss instances where you have experienced the formation of a group.
Discuss the stages of group development. What behavior or events does each stage emphasize? Reflect on your work experiences. Discuss examples of each stage.
Review the section on “Virtual Groups.” Discuss your experiences with electronic communication such as e-mail, threaded discussion bulletin boards, and chat rooms. What are some positive effects
Discuss self-managing teams. Have you experienced such teams? Discuss your experiences from both a positive and negative perspective.
Discuss conflict frames and orientations. Which orientation best characterizes you? What do you tend to do when entering a conflict episode?
Discuss the methods of reducing conflict that are most likely and least likely to leave a conflict aftermath. Why do the different methods leave or not leave an aftermath?
Discuss the methods of increasing conflict. When should a manager increase conflict? What cautions should a manager observe when increasing conflict?
Review the two behavioral approaches to leadership. What are the similarities and differences in the two approaches?
The path–goal theory of leadership describes two sets of contingency factors—personal factors of subordinates and work environment factors. Discuss how these factors affect the choice of leader
Review the alternative views of leadership. How do those views differ from the other leadership theories? Why?
Review the description of the basic communication process presented earlier in this chapter. Discuss the effect of noise on the process. What forms of noise have you experienced?
Discuss the different types of communication. What is the role of nonverbal communication in the larger communication process?
Review the “Dysfunctions of Organizational Communication” section. Have you experienced any of those dysfunctions during your college education? Reflect on your work experiences. Discuss examples
Review the “Active Listening” section. Have you experienced any of the recommendations in that section? If yes, did active listening improve the communication processes where it was used?
Review the technologies that forecasters expect will change communication processes in the future. Which technologies does your college or university use? Which technologies have you seen in your
Review the decision-making models described in this chapter. Which model do you think is closest to what managers do when they make decisions? Why?
Review the assets and liabilities of group decision making. Which methods of improving decision making in organizations help offset the liabilities? How? Why?
Discuss the different methods of improving decision making in organizations. Which of these methods do you expect to find widely used in organizations? Discuss differences in how easy it is to use
Review the discussion of ethics in decision making and problem solving. Discuss the value of explicitly considering the ethics of a decision.
Review the discussion of power at the beginning of this chapter. Does power serve positive or negative functions for an organization? Discuss your experiences with power.
Review the ways managers can build power in organizations. Discuss your experiences with managers who build a power base.
Review the discussion of the difference between leadership and management in Chapter 12. Discuss the role of power in effective leader or manager behavior.
Discuss using political strategies and tactics in organizations. Are the strategies and tactics realistic elements of modern organizational life? What were your reactions to the descriptions of
Review the description of the ethical issues surrounding political behavior in organizations. Do you accept or reject the normative positions taken from the various ethics theories? Why or why not?
Discuss the role of perception in the stress response. You may find it useful to review the perception portion of Chapter 5 and discuss its implications for understanding the stress response.
What are the moderators of the stress response? What portions of the integrated model of stress do the moderators affect? How? Discuss each moderator and relate it to yourself.
Travel and transfer to foreign locations are potential stressors for many people. Discuss your experiences with foreign travel or foreign assignments. Which parts of those experiences were the most
Discuss the ethical issues about stress in organizations. Are these real issues to which modern managers should attend? Why or why not?
What are the major contingency factors of organizational design? How are they related to each other? Discuss modern examples of each contingency factor.
What are the characteristics of defender, prospector, analyzer, and reactor organizations? What types of environment does each organizational form best fit? What are the unique qualities of a reactor
Discuss the nature of planned and unplanned organizational change. What are the characteristics of each? What are some targets of planned change?
This chapter described the different orientations managers can have to resistance to change. Which orientation do you personally hold? Which orientations have you seen in your work experiences?
Discuss the role of leadership in organizational change. You might want to review part of Chapter 12 to refresh your views of leadership. Are there any current examples of leadership and
Review the phases of organizational development. What are the major issues faced by both the client system and the organizational development consultant in each phase? Which ethical dilemmas most
What is theory? Discuss its role in analyzing and diagnosing organizational issues and problems.
Henri Fayol developed the beginning of a theory of administration. Review the major concepts from his theory. What are the relationships among the concepts?
Discuss the differences among dominance, compromise, and integration as approaches to reducing conflict. Mary Parker Follett described these approaches to conflict reduction. Does integration of
Review the characteristics of leadership described by Follett. Have you ever worked for a person with those qualities? Discuss why those qualities contribute to effective leadership.
Review Chester I. Barnard’s concepts. Discuss the relationships among them. Have you seen these concepts in your experiences with organizations?
Discuss the predicted future changes in the composition of the U.S. workforce. Compare that workforce profile to your work experiences. What issues have you or will you face in a highly diverse
Discuss the major features of quality management. How does it differ from an inspection-based, quality control system? What values does quality management ask all employees of an organization to
Reflect on the technological changes discussed earlier. Discuss the specific technological changes that will affect you in your work role.
Discuss the issues that a global orientation raises for managers. Are those issues problems or opportunities for modern managers? How do you expect those issues to affect you in your work career?
Reflect on the types of businesses that are prominent in your area. Would any of them benefit from having a global view of their markets? Is it realistic for managers in those companies to look
Review the discussion of ethical issues in organizational behavior. Discuss the areas of organizational behavior in which ethical issues have occurred in your work experiences.
Review the ethics theories described in the chapter. What are the implications for managing behavior in an organization of people having different ethical systems?
Discuss the implications of the argument that behaving ethically makes good business sense. How common is that view in contemporary organizations? Reflect on your work experience. Are there instances
Review the discussion about ethical absolutism and ethical relativism. Discuss the views of each position. Which position applies to modern ethical issues?
Review the sections describing ethical values of individuals and societies. Discuss the ways both societies and individuals form those values. Which view best fits your moral development?
The chapter discussed two ethical views that apply to international affairs and multinational organizations. Which of those views do you hold? What are the implications of the different views for
Review the sections “Perspectives on Organizational Culture” and “Cultural Symbolism.” What parts of organizational culture do these views emphasize? Discuss the insights each view gives
Review the discussion of organizational culture and organizational performance. Discuss the three theoretical views of this link. What can you now conclude about organizational culture and
Review the expected effects on organizational culture of workforce diversity, quality management, a global environment, and an increasing emphasis on ethical behavior. Discuss the ways in which those
“Creating, Maintaining, and Changing Organizational Culture.” Discuss the implications for the observations in that section that follow from the effects mentioned in Question 6. Question
Review the description of social perception given earlier in this chapter. What do you consider most when forming an impression of a person you have just met? What types of attribution error are you
Review the earlier description of the sources of attitude change. Which of the three causes you to change your attitudes about some object most quickly?
Review the stereotypes of people from different cultures in the chapter’s “International Aspects” section. Are those stereotypes shared by other students in your class? If students from other
Visit the Hofstede Centre (https://geerthofstede.com/culture-geerthofstede- gert-jan-hofstede/6d-model-of-nationalculture/) and review the scores by country for the various cultural dimensions that
You have been asked to join the hospital’s task force for developing a plan to increase the organization’s workforce diversity from its current 20% level to 40% over the next 5 years. How does
With diverse patient populations come language translation issues. Medical interpretation is a challenge facing most health organizations. Medical interpretation and translation services are costly.
What are common methods to measure a person’s attitude?
How does attribution theory allow managers to justify workers’ behaviors?
Is stereotyping negative or positive? Why?
Why is stereotyping so problematic for the healthcare industry?
Is impression management negative or positive? Why?
Is employee selection an unbiased process? Why?
What competencies are needed by managers for communicating with external stakeholders?
Explain Newsom’s Nine Cs.
Explain the methods of inequity resolution.
Explain how goals can be determined under the Goal-Setting Theory.
Discuss the types of reinforcements that are available to managers for changing an employee’s behavior.
What is an attribution?
Why might an optimistic attribution style be undesirable?
How can different types of attributions and attribution styles encourage high or low levels of learned helplessness, aggression, and empowerment?
How does resilience promote motivational attributions?
How can organizational leaders promote accurate and motivating attributions among their employees?
Discuss what is meant by upward influence and the various influence tactics categories associated with it.
Is leadership synonymous with management, or is leading just one of the many things that a manager does? In what ways are they the same or different?
Discuss the results of the Ohio State studies in terms of their significant impact on leadership research.
Explain Blake and Mouton’s Leadership Grid in relationship to previous leadership research.
Write a description of an effective manager. Write words that you would use to describe an effective leader. When you review your list, consider the differences and similarities in your adjectives.
Think of some individuals who you believe to be really exceptional leaders. What, if anything, do they have in common? Think of some individuals who you believe to be truly poor leaders. What, if
Have you ever known people who were successful leaders in one situation and failures in another? Why do you think this happened?
On a blank piece of paper, draw a picture of a leader. Once your picture is complete, answer the following questions: What does this picture say about you? What does this picture say about what
Summarize Path–Goal Leadership Theory. What theories of motivation can you tie to the assumptions of the model?
Identify health care situations in which Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s Continuum of Leadership Behavior would suggest the autocratic leadership style as the most appropriate.
Discuss the role of leadership style in response to employee maturity (development) as presented in the work of Hersey and Blanchard.
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