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psychology
Questions and Answers of
Psychology
Assertiveness Review the assertiveness tips presented in the chapter, then recall a situation in which you had, or still have, difficulty being assertive. Describe the situation and examine what
Goal Survey Interview five friends or family members about their goals. Ask them to name their long-term goals and their related short-term goals. Why did they pick these goals? What deadline do they
Stress Log Keep a “stress log” for one week. Monitor your stress level and write down the stressors (and hassles) in your life. Then pick a calm moment to evaluate your list. Are there any
Online Goal Management Go to the Chapter 3 section of www.mhhe.com/waitley5e for the link to a Web site that lets you select and manage your goals online. Explore the premade “Goalplans” on the
Anger: The Medical Perspective Search the Internet for medical research studies on anger. Go to the book Web site at www.mhhe.com/waitley5e for links to various medical Web sites. What effect does
Define self-esteem and explain its importance.
Describe how childhood experiences affect self-esteem.
Define self-expectancy and explain two ways to boost it.
Explain why self-acceptance is important for high self-esteem.
Explain how to change negative self-talk into positive self-talk.
Explain how to handle criticism well.
Define self-acceptance. (p. 141)
What are the benefits of using positive self-talk? (p. 151)
Give an example of a constructive criticism and an example of a destructive c riticism. (p. 1 57)
Name five effects of high self-esteem and five effects of low self-esteem.
How do childhood experiences affect self-esteem?
Explain the statement: “You may or may not get what you deserve, but you will nearly always get what you expect.”
What are some ways to change a negative self-image into a positive one?
Give an example of upward comparison and an example of downward comparison.
Explain the three steps in handling constructive criticism.Critical T hinking
Self-Acceptance and Avoidance For healthy self-esteem, it’s important to know your weaknesses so that you can find creative ways to work around them. However, it’s also important to cope with
Criticism When someone is very critical of others, it is often said that the person has low self-esteem. Think of someone you know who often criticizes or makes fun of others. Do you think this
Self-Esteem Journal Over the course of a week, keep a journal monitoring your level of self-esteem. Note the times you experience low self-esteem and high self-esteem. What situations make you feel
Accomplishment and Self-Expectancy Interview three people of three different ages.Ask them to describe the five accomplishments of which they are proudest; explain why they are proudest of these; and
Affirmations Go to www.mhhe.com/waitley5e for a link to an article on affirmations.Read the article. What are the ten major effects of having negative “self-scripts,” or negative beliefs about
Shyness and Self-Esteem People who are shy are more likely to experience loneliness than people who are not shy. Research the topic of shyness on the Internet. Are there different types of shyness?
Define positive thinking and cite its benefits.
List six habits that can help you become a more positive thinker.
Explain the link between positive thinking and good health.
Describe how self-defeating attitudes create a vicious cycle.
Define cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs and give an example of each.
Summarize the ABCDE method for overcoming irrational beliefs.
Define positive thinking and negative thinking. (pp. 170, 172)
Why is it a good idea to avoid being judgmental? (p. 177)
Describe t he t wo m ain t ypes of ex ercise. (p. 1 84)
Why does having positive expectations of success help you attain it?
What is the relationship between negative thinking and depression?
Name three healthy eating habits and three healthy exercise habits.
Give an example of a self-defeating attitude and the vicious cycle it creates.
Which cognitive distortion involves the false belief that you are not in control of your life?
Explain how to dispute irrational beliefs.Critical T hinking
Worry William James, a pioneering 19th-century psychologist, once said this: “If you believe that feeling bad or worrying long enough will change a past or future event, you are residing on another
Optimism and Academic Success A study was conducted on a large group of college freshmen in Pennsylvania to investigate the relationship between optimism and academic performance. The results? The
Negative and Positive News Many news programs start their broadcast with the most negative, shocking stories of the day. Watch 30 minutes of your daily local news. Note each of the stories covered
Helping Others Helping others, especially those who are less fortunate, can help you feel more positive about your life. Spend two hours helping someone else, either on your own or through a
Optimist’s Creed Read “The Optimist’s Creed” online at www.mhhe.com/waitley5e.For each of the ten points in the creed, write down an action you could take to incorporate it into your life.
My Motto Is You will often see inspirational quotes or sayings that people have chosen to include at the bottom of their e-mails. Some are humorous, some relay a personal agenda, and others are
Define self-discipline and cite its benefits.
Explain how to control impulses.
Describe the process of replacing bad habits with good ones.
Define critical thinking and list its seven standards.
When do I give in to my bad habit?
Where do I give in to my bad habit?
Who is present when I give in to my bad habit?
How do I feel just before I give in to my bad habit?
How do I feel just after I give in to my bad habit?
Define self-discipline. (p. 210)
Why is persistence important? (p. 211)
What are the three steps to changing bad habits? (p. 224)
Am I just skimming over the problem?
Am I going along with what someone else says without thinking things through?
Is this issue more complex than it seems?
Do I have evidence for this statement?
Is there any evidence that contradicts this statement?
Is this really true, or am I just taking it for granted?
Is there any other possible conclusion?
Do any of my ideas contradict one another?
Did I overlook any information that would be helpful in the future?
Would another approach to the decision have worked better?
Did I allow myself adequate time to generate options?
What can I learn from the experience to help me make a better decision the next time around?
Define critical thinking. (p. 231)
What are some of the benefits of being a critical thinker? (p. 231)
What is regret ? (p. 2 49)
What is the difference between persistence and self-determination?
Why do some people resist change?
What three stages do people go through before they begin to take action to break a habit?
How can positive self-talk help you change a bad habit?
Describe the framing effect and how it might affect the decision-making process.
Why do people sometimes regret the decisions they make?Critical T hinking
Adapting to Change Imagine that you are chronically late to work, and one day your boss announces that employees who come late will be fired. This forces you to begin arriving on time. Now imagine
Self-Discipline Parents help their children develop self-discipline by setting clear, reasonable limits, or guidelines, for acceptable and unacceptable behavior. For example, parents of toddlers
Habit Survey Interview three people who have changed a bad habit into a healthy habit.How did they achieve their success? How long did it take? Did they ever have a relapse? If so, what did they
Decision Making Describe a major decision that you made in each of the following periods of your life, why you chose that way, what the consequences were, and how they affected you: ages 11 through
Critical Thinking Locate the links to online periodicals at www.mhhe.com/waitley5e.Find and read an online article on any topic. Evaluate whether the article meets all of the seven standards of
Habits of Mind Visit www.mhhe.com/waitley5e for a link to an online article about habits of mind. Read about the first two habits of mind, persisting and managing impulsivity.First summarize the
Contrast intrinsic motivation with extrinsic motivation.
Describe how to distinguish needs from wants.
Explain why needs motivate our behavior.
Cite ways to overcome fear of failure.
Cite ways to overcome fear of success.
Describe visualization and how it can boost motivation.
What is intrinsic motivation? (p. 257)
What is the difference between needs and wants? (p. 263)
Name the different levels of the hierarchy of needs. (p. 264)
Why is desire important for success? (p. 271)
Define failure. (p. 273)
How does visua lization w ork? (p. 2 80)
Contrast positive motivation with negative motivation.
Why is intrinsic motivation healthier than extrinsic motivation?
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