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statistics for nursing a practical approach

Questions and Answers of Statistics For Nursing A Practical Approach

Which is correct and most complete?a. The EER gives higher critical values than IER and a higher evidence standard.b. If significance is not found using IER, it will be found using the EER.c. The IER
Which is correct and most complete?a. Adding factors in applying FFs almost always requires additional runs.b. Using matrices with smaller numbers of runs helps reduce error rates.c. Using the
Which is correct and most complete?a. Placket Burman designs are not fractional factorials.b. Applying standard screening using fractional factorials can generate proof.c. A fractional factorial
Which is correct and most complete?a. Using FF, once an array is chosen, generally only the first m columns are used.b. Typically roughly half of the settings change from run to run in applying FF.c.
Which is correct and most complete for t-testing or factor screening?a. In general, adding more runs to the plan increases many types of error rates.b. Type I errors in t-testing include the
Which is correct and most complete?a. The blocking factor tester has been randomized over.b. t0 = 1.45 for the two sample analysis of software assuming unequal variances.c. Harry, Sue, and Sally
Which is correct and most complete?a. The above is an application of a within-subjects design.b. The above is an application of a between-subjects design.c. One fails to find significance with α =
Which is correct and most complete?a. Using n1 = n2 = 3 would likely reduce the chance of Type I and Type II errors.b. The chance of finding significance can be estimated using theory.c. Random
Assume you t-test with n1 = n2 =
Consider the Second Two-sample t-test example in Section 11.4.1 of this chapter. Assume that no more tests were possible. Which is correct and most complete?a. Randomly assigning people to treatments
Calculate the degrees of freedom (df) using data from the above example.
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. t0 = 3.7, which is “>” the relevant critical value, but nothing is proven.b. t0 = 2.7, we fail to find significance with α = 0.05, and the
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. FF is helpful for finding which factors matter from a long list with little cost.b. RSM helps in fine tuning a small number of factor
Based on Chapter 1, which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Taguchi contributed to robust design and Box co-invented FF and RSM.b. Deming invented FF and invented RSM.c. Shewhart
Which is a benefit of DOE in helping to add definitiveness in design decisionmaking?a. Engineers feel more motivated because proof is not needed for changes.b. Tooling costs are reduced since dies
Consider applying DOE to improving your personal health. Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Input factors might include weight, blood pressure, and happiness score.b. Output
What is the shape of an ideal acceptance sampling curve? Explain briefly.
Which of the above two policies is more likely to do the following:a. Accept lots with large fractions of nonconforming unitsb. Accept lots with small fractions of nonconforming units
Plot a single sampling OC curve for N = 4000, n = 150, and c = 3.
Plot a single sampling OC curve for N = 3000, n = 200, and c = 2.
Assume that N = 2000, n = 150, and M = 20.a. Estimate Pr{X ???? 3} using the hypergeometric distribution.b. Estimate Pr{X ???? 3} using the Poisson approximation.
Which of following is the most correct and complete?a. The number of nc. units in a subgroup is often viewed as a discrete random variable.b. If you do not know exactly how many nonconforming units
Which is correct and most complete? (Assume n is large enough.)a. False alarm chance for the next subgroup on an Xbar chart is Pr{Z
Which is correct and most complete?a. Except for labels on axes, probability density functions for normal random variables all look pretty much the same.b. The normal distribution is not the only one
Which is correct and most complete?a. Cumulative normal distribution probabilities are difficult to compute by hand, i.e., without using software or a table..b. The central limit guarantees that all
If X is hypergeometrically distributed with parameters N = 10, n = 2, and M =1, what is Pr{X = 0}?
Which is correct and most complete? (Assume Cpk is known.)a. Changing 3s to 2s in UCL formulas would cause more false alarms.b. Autocorrelation often increases the chance of false alarms in Xbar
Assume that individual quality characteristics are normally distributed with mean equal to the average of the specifications limits. Also, assume that Z is distributed according to the standard
Which is correct and most complete?a. If X is N(10, 3), then Z = (X – 10) ÷ 3 is N(0,1).b. If X is triangular with parameter a = 10, b = 11, and c = 14, then Z =(X – 10) ÷ 4 is triangular with
If X is uniformly distributed between 10 and 20, what is Pr{X< 14}?
Suppose someone tells you that she believes that revenues for her product line will be between $2.2M and $3.0M next year with the most likely value equal to $2.7M. She says that $2.8M is much more
Assume X ~ N(μ = 10, σ = 2). What is the Pr{X > 16}?
Which is correct and most complete?a. If X follows a triangular distribution, X is a continuous random variable.b. If X follows a binomial distribution, X is a continuous random variable.c. If X
Which is correct and most complete?a. In usual situations, probabilities of events are assigned without subjectivity.b. An application of probability theory is to evaluate alternatives.c. In making
Which is correct and most complete?a. Random variables are unknown by the planner at time of planning.b. Applying any quality technology is generally associated with some risk that can be estimated
This exercise involves starting with an initial standard operating procedure(SOP) and concluding with a revised and confirmed SOP. Both SOPs must be evaluated using at least one control chart. For
Identify at least one KOV and a target value for a system that you want to improve in a student project. We are looking for a KOV associated with a project that is measurable, of potential interest,
Write a paragraph about a case study that includes at least one “safe criticism”based on statements in this book. Find the case study in a refereed journal such as Applied Statistics, Quality
According to this text, which of the following is the most correct and complete?a. Pareto charting could never be used in the analyze phase.b. Formal optimization must be applied.c. Meeting, a
Which of the following is the most correct and complete?a. According to the definition of six sigma, monetary benefits must be measured.b. Charting is often helpful for measuring benefits and
Which rows of the void project charter address the not-invented-here syndrome?a. The predicted savings section or rowb. The team members’ project objectives section or rowc. The quantifiable
In the voids project, what change is most likely to invite scope creep?a. Increasing the predicted savings to $55,000b. Removing two engineers from the teamc. Changing the quantifiable project
In the voids case study, what assistance would FMEA most likely provide?a. It could have helped to identify the techniques used by competitors.b. It could have helped to develop quanititative
Which of the following could be a key input variable for the void project system?a. The number of voids on the top faceb. The total number of voidsc. The preheat temperature of the moldd. The final
Suppose that top face voids were much more expensive to fix than other voids.Which charting method would be most appropriate?a. p-chartingb. u-chartingc. Xbar & R chartingd. Demerit chartinge. EWMA
In the voids project, which phase and method combinations occurred? Give the answer that is correct and the most complete.a. Analyze – Quality Function Deploymentb. Measure – gauge R&R (informal
If you were hired as a consultant to the first team, what specific recommendations would you make besides the ones given in the example?
According to this book, which is the most appropriate first project action?a. Quality function deploymentb. Design of experimentsc. Creating a project charterd. Control planninge. All of the
Which of the following was true about the PCB project?a. Miniaturization was not relevant.b. Quality issues limited throughput causing a bottleneck.c. Design of experiments screening methods were not
According to this book, which is (are) specifically discouraged?a. Planning a PCB project scope requiring ten months or moreb. Starting the PCB project by performing quality function deploymentc.
Provide two examples of cases in which multivariate charting might apply.
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Multiple Xbar & R charts do not help in assignable cause identification.b. Specific assignable causes might be associated with large values of
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. The λ in EWMA charting can be adjusted based on a desire to detect small shifts slowly or big shifts more quickly.b. EWMA generally detects
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Multivariate charting typically involves the calculation of a large number of parameters during the startup phase.b. Critical characteristics
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. EWMA control charts typically plot attribute data such as the number nonconforming.b. Hotelling T2 charts are sometimes called multivariate
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Correct document control requires the implementation of control plans.b. Often, projects complete with revised SOPs are implemented
Why do recorded voices on customer service voicemail systems say, “This call may be monitored for quality purposes?”
What is the minimum number of units inspected?
What is the maximum number of units inspected, assuming the lot is accepted?
Design a double sampling plan that could be applied to this problem.
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Gauge R&R might indicate that destructive sampling is necessary.b. It is not possible to create a p-chart using single sampling data.c. Double
Which of the following is correct and most complete for single sampling?a. Acceptance sampling is too risky for such a tight quality constraint.b. Assuming inspection is perfect, n = 950 and c = 0
List two advantages of acceptance sampling compared with complete inspection.
Why is this single sampling rather than double sampling?a. The lost size is fixed.b. There is at most one decision resulting in possible acceptance.c. There are two occasions during which the lot
When considering sampling policies, the risks associated with accepting an undesirable lot grows with:a. Larger rational subgroup sizeb. Decreased tolerance of nonconformities in the rational
Complete inspection is (roughly speaking) a single sampling plan with:a. n = db. N = cc. N = nd. c = de. None of these describe complete inspection even roughly speaking.
Which part of implementing a control plan requires the most on-going expense during steady state?
The above control plan implies that how many applications of gauge R&R have been applied?a. 0b. 1c. 2d. 3e. None of the above
Assume budgetary considerations required that one characteristic should not be monitored. According to the text, which one should be declared not critical?a. Crumplingb. Aestheticsc. Floppingd.
The text implies that FMEAs and control plans are related in which way?a. FMEAs can help clarify whether characteristics should be declared critical.b. FMEAs determines the capability values to be
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Filling out each row of a control plan could require performing a gauge R&R.b. According to the text, reaction plans are an optional stage in
Which of the following is most relevant to cost-effective evaluation of many units?a. Benchmarkingb. Control planningc. Acceptance samplingd. Design of Experiments (DOE)e. A reaction plan
According to this chapter, successful project completion generally requires changing or updating:a. Standard operating proceduresb. The portion of the control plan relating to gauge R&Rc. The portion
The technique most directly associated with guaranteeing that all measurement equipment are capable and critical characteristics are being monitored is:a. Process mappingb. Benchmarkingc. Design of
According to the six sigma literature, a project for improving an existing system ends with which phase?a. Defineb. Analyzec. Improved. Verifye. Control
Formal optimization often requires:a. Subjectively factoring considerations not included in the formulationb. Clarifying as a group the assumptions and data for making decisionsc. Plotting the
Formulate and solve an optimization problem from your own life. State all your assumptions in reasonable detail.
The optimal objective is (within the implied uncertainty)a. -2.5b. 0.2c. 0.5d. 0.6e. 1.2
The optimal solution for x1 is (within the implied uncertainty)a. -1.0b. 0.2c. 0.4d. 0.6e. 1.0
The optimal solution for x1 is (within the implied uncertainty)a. 3.0b. -1.0c. 0.9d. 6.0e. None of the above is correct.
Create an HOQ with at least four customer criterion, two companies, and three engineering inputs. Identify the reasonable recommended inputs.
In two sentences, explain how changing the targets could affect supplier selection.
List two benefits of applying QFD compared with using only formal optimization.
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Emulating the best-in-class competitor in the HOQ might not work.b. The customer ratings might not be representative of the target population.c.
Which of the setting changes for Company 1 seems most supported by the HOQ?a. Change the area used per page to 9.5b. Change the arm height from 2 m to 1 mc. Change to batched production (batched or
Which company seems to dominate in the ratings?a. Company 1b. Company 2c. Company 3d. None
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Seat-of-the-pants decision-making is rarely (if ever) supported by anecdotal information.b. Inspecting a HOQ while making decisions is
Management of a trendy leather goods shop decides upon a 250% markup on handbags using no data and judgment only. This represents:a. Formal decision-makingb. A House of Quality applicationc.
According to this chapter, the study of the most formal decision processes is called:a. Quality Function Deployment (QFD)b. Optimization solversc. Operations Research (OR)d. Theory of Constraints
According to the chapter, recommendations from the improve phase are:a. Necessarily derived from formal optimizationb. Tentative pending empirical confirmation or verificationc. Derived exclusively
Which of the following is the most complete and correct?a. FMEA is primarily relevant for identifying nonvalue added operations.b. Both C&E and FMEA activities generate prioritized lists.c. Process
Critique the toddler FMEA analysis, raising at least two issues of possible concern.
If the system were changed such that detection of all issues was near perfect and no other issues were affected (detection = 1 for all failure modes), the lowest priority factor or response to focus
If the system were changed such that it would be nearly impossible for the explosion failure mode to occur (occurrence = 1) and no other failure mode was affected, the highest priority factor or
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. FMEA focuses on the manufacturing system with little regard to measurement.b. FMEA is based on quantitative data measured using physical
How many failure modes are represented in this study?a. 3b. 4c. 5d. 6e. 7
Which response or output probably merits the most attention for quality assurance?a. Freshnessb. Tastec. Number of chipsd. Sizee. Burn level
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Design of experiments does not require new testing.b. Screening can start where C&E matrices end and further shorten the KIV list.c. Strictly
List three benefits of applying cause and effect matrices.
Suppose the target audience thought the only criterion was inspiration. Which variable would be the most important to focus on?a. Money spent on script writersb. Young male focus group usedc. Stars

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