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statistics for nursing a practical approach

Questions and Answers of Statistics For Nursing A Practical Approach

Weak clients may need assistance. The gait belt is useful in such situations.
Once standing, place the crutches in the position for ambulation.
Use the chair arm and crutches for support while rising.
Hold the crutches with the hand on the side of the weaker leg.
Grasp the chair arm on the same side of the stronger leg.
Move forward in chair, placing strongest leg on the floor.
Reposition self in chair using arms and stronger leg while sitting.
Flex knees and hips to sit in chair.
Grasp the chair arm using the arm on the side of the stronger leg.
Hold the crutches on the side with the weaker leg.
Stand in front of a chair.
Repeat to descend the staircase. This requires time, balance, and strengthv
Move the stronger leg to the first descending step.
Move the crutches down to the first descending step.
Support the body with the stronger leg.
Repeat to climb stairs. This requires time, balance, and strength
Bring the weaker leg to the level of the crutches and the stronger leg.
Bring the crutches to the level of the stronger leg.
Climb stairs using the stronger leg first.
Weight-bearing ability;
Presence or absence of one-sided weakness
Endurance (stamina)
Upper arm strength
During ambulation, assess client’s tolerance of activity.
Check client’s clothing (e.g., nonslip shoes, adequate covering for privacy and warmth).
Check assistive devices for safety hazards.
Evaluate the environment for safety (e.g., presence of obstacles in walkway, adequate lighting, nonslip floor, handrails; see Figure 34-33).
Assess for factors that may negatively affect ambulation (e.g., mental status, fatigue, pain, medications).
Determine the client’s activity level and tolerance for physical exertion.
Urinary drainage bags can be placed on the lower body of the wheelchair during transport.Coil the drainage tubing so the catheter is not tugged during transport. Empty urinary drainage bag prior to
Intravenous infusion bags can be placed on portable IV poles attached to the wheelchair during transport.
Lock brakes when the wheelchair is standing still.
If going through a self-closing door, back the wheelchair out of the room. You can keep the door open by backing against the door. The wheelchair can then be guided out of the room.
Push the wheelchair ahead of you when going up ramps.
Back slowly down wheelchair ramps.
When pushing a wheelchair, back into and out of elevators.
Teach family members or caregivers to perform range-of-motion exercises with the client.
Encourage the client to perform range-ofmotion exercises with as much independence as possible.
Do not flex, extend, rotate, abduct, or adduct a joint if the client complains of discomfort or stiffness.
Assess the motion of joints for every client.
Ask for help as needed
Teach proper body mechanics to others.
Watch your footing.
Take your time and lift properly.
Consider the weight and bulk of a client or object before lifting.
Wheelchairs without adjustable arms
Confined work space
Height of bed
Client combativeness and unpredictability
Client weight-bearing ability
Client weight
Facilitate transportation resources
Involve client and family in support groups
Inform client of vocational, educational, recreational, and social resources
Involve client with successful role models
Encourage activities in collaboration with recreational therapist
Foster client autonomy
Remote control for client who enjoys television (provide leisure/diversion activity)
Comfortable chairs close to the bed (promote socialization by facilitating visits of family and friends)
Overbed table for eating or hand activities (promote client’s ability to perform ADL)
Special mattresses for bed and cushions for chairs(promote comfort and help maintain skin integrity)
Shower chair and hand-held shower for bathtub(promote client independence and safety)
Portable telephone (for client safety and convenience)
Lifting device (assist with transferring dependent client from bed to chair)
Portable commode (extend client’s independence in elimination)
Electric hospital bed with overhead trapeze (give client more control of environment)
Reduce pain and discomfort.
Decrease the body’s oxygen consumption.
Provide rest for clients who are exhausted.
Mobility (e.g., walkers)
Toileting (e.g., elevated toilet seats)
Dressing (e.g., Velcro closures and zipper pulls)
Bathing (e.g., shower chairs and long-handled sponges)
Eating (e.g., plate guards and hand splints to hold utensils)
Depression, marked anxiety
Musculoskeletal impairment
Perceptual/cognitive impairment
Discomfort/pain
Decreased strength and endurance
Decreased muscle mass, strength, and/or control Related Factors
Impaired coordination
Limited range of motion
Hesitant to attempt movement
Inability to move purposefully
Imbalance between oxygen supply and demand Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired physical mobility—state in which the person experiences a limitation of ability for independent physical movement.Defining
Sedentary lifestyle
Generalized weakness
Immobility, bed rest
Discomfort or dyspnea upon exertion Related Factors
Abnormal physiologic responses to activity(e.g., heart rate or blood pressure changes)
Verbalization of weakness or fatigue
Risk for Falls related to impaired mobility.
Ineffective Health Maintenance related to lack of or significant alteration in communication skills (written, nonverbal)
Self-Care Deficits related to inability to wash body or body parts, inability to obtain or get to water source, activity intolerance, decreased strength and endurance, pain, and impaired transfer
Risk for Disuse Syndrome per risk factors of paralysis, mechanical immobilization, prescribed immobilization, and severe pain
Impaired Physical Mobility related to intolerance to activity or decreased strength and endurance, pain, perceptual or cognitive impairment, neuromuscular impairment, musculoskeletal impairment, and
Activity Intolerance related to bed rest and immobility, generalized weakness, sedentary lifestyle, and imbalance between oxygen supply and demand; see the Nursing Process Highlight.
Gross motor function
Fine motor function
Proprioception

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