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statistics for nursing a practical approach

Questions and Answers of Statistics For Nursing A Practical Approach

For the platelet counts in the growth factor database (DB9), "normal"is often taken as being in the range from 150,000 to 400,000. How accurately should platelet counts be recorded to avoid
How could the variable sex in the emphysema database (DB3) be quantified?
Into what phase-type would the question addressed in the gallbladder database (DB2) fall?
Give an example of a question from the bronchoconstriction database(DB14), the answer for which would fall into (a) the description stage,(b) the explanation stage, or (c) the prediction stage.
Give an example of a question from the prostate biopsy database (DB1), the answer for which would fall into (a) the description stage, (b) the explanation stage, or (c) the prediction stage.
Adapt the genetic algorithm in Chapter 19 to select n1, n2, c1, r, and c2 to minimize a weighted sum of the expected number of tests and the chance of errors for a t-testing procedure of the type
Which is correct and most complete according to the text?a. The concept of a method rollercoaster emphasizes individual expertise levels.b. Optimization has not yet been used to produce methods or
Which is correct and most complete using the notation from the text?a. In general, g(x) corresponds to the primary KOV.b. Control charting likely results in improved recommendations for settings,
Which is correct and most complete according to the text?a. Six sigma emphasizes credit-sharing between statistical experts and engineers.b. The control phase is important primarily because it
Which is correct and most complete according to the text?a. Documenting a project case study is generally a micro-level contribution.b. Future opportunities for survey based contributions are
Resolve the co-packers’s problem assuming σ1 = 0.4, σ2 = 0.20, and σ3 = 0.04.
Consider three resistors in series each with resistance uniformly distributed with mean 10 ohms and uniform limits a = 8.5 ohms and b = 11.5 ohms.Which is correct and most complete?a. The series
Consider two resistors in series each with resistance uniformly distributed with mean 10 ohms and uniform limits a = 8.5 ohms and b = 11.5 ohms. Which is correct and most complete?a. Pr{series
Use the assumption, B2 = (1.25)2 I an Run A B C 1 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 2 -0.5 0.5 -1.0 3 0.5 1.0 -0.5 45678 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 -1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 9 -0.5 1.0 0.5 10 0.5 0.5 1.0 11
Which is correct and most complete?a. In planning experiments, one generally does not know the true model.b. Without added information, one must assume E[β2β2′] = 0.c. In general, x′Ax = Tr[A]
Which is correct and most complete?a. The EIMSE is always equal to or larger than the integrated variance.b. The bias depends on assumptions about the coefficients not in the fitted model.c. Moment
Which is correct and most complete?a. The EIMSE cannot compare the expected accuracies associated with RSM designs prior to experimentation.b. The moment matrices (μi,j) can only be calculated
Which is correct and most complete?a. In calculating the EIMSE, one must know the true values of fitted coefficients.b. The true level of bumpiness likely affects derived prediction errors.c. In
The σestimate = 0.5.d. All of the above are correct.e. All of the above are correct except (a) and (d).
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Using the central limit theorem, one can estimate the error of estimates.b. Monte Carlo generally gives expected values with no errors.c. If
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Data from a thought experiment proves a factor affects system average outputs.b. If there is no true effect, finding significance in t-testing
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. If applied correctly, t-testing cannot result in undesirable declarations.b. If a hypothesis testing method derives appropriate results 95 times
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. If X is uniform[10, 12], then Pr{X < 11.5} = 0.25 or 25%.b. If X is uniform[10, 12], then the inverse cumulative for X is F-1(u) =10 + 2u.c.
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Recursive sequences of numbers can seem random to the untrained eye.b. The pseudo-random number generation procedure in the text involves
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Method evaluation criteria can include subjective judgments about ease of use.b. Many quantitative properties of methods including Type I error
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. Random variables are numbers whose values are known at time of planning.b. Probabilities can generally be written as expected values of
Perform an experiment involving four factors and one or more responses using standard screening using fractional factorials or responses surface methods.The experimental system studies should permit
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. RSM should have been used in the rubber experiment to focus on shot size and humidity since everyone knew these mattered most.b. A regression
Which is correct and most complete?a. Using an EIMSE optimal design, the snap tab study could have been done with 20 runs or fewer.b. The LCRSM approach used could have generated a less accurate
Which is correct and most complete?a. As is usual in DOE recommendations, they should recommend the settings corresponding to the best run in their DOE.b. If RSM was applied to computer simulations,
Which is correct and most complete?a. Starting with standard screening using fractional factorials is natural because interactions are modeled.b. They could reasonably use a single, standard Box
Which is correct and most complete?a. A reasonable first step is to return the process to the documented settings.b. They could study four factors with eight batches of units according to a regular
Which is correct and most complete (according to this book)?a. With experts in-the-loop, it is rarely (if ever) critical to consult SOP settings.b. They likely made some Type I errors by assuming
Which is correct and most complete (according to this book)?a. The engineers have a high level of evidence, and the settings should work.b. Randomness and interactions could have confused them. Yield
Which is correct and most complete (according to the chapter)?a. The paper helicopter example involves four controllable design parameters.b. People might choose different alternatives because of
Which is correct and most complete (according to the chapter)?a. Discrete choice modeling is effectively a subset of logistic regression.b. Linear regression is a natural alternative to discrete
Which is correct and most complete in relation to artificial neural nets(ANNs)?a. RSM arrays cannot be used in neural net fitting.b. The Excel solver can be used in fitting ANNs.c. Often, so-called
Which is correct and most complete?a. Artificial neural nets are only relevant for predicting categorical responses.b. At least two hidden layers are generally needed for accurate prediction.c. The
Which is correct and most complete based on the data in Table 16.1 with the last response value changed to 200?a. A kriging model prediction would be yest(x1=4.5) = 101.5.b. The kriging models in the
Which is correct and most complete based on the data in Table 16.1?a. A kriging model prediction would be yest(x1=4.5) = 101.5.b. Kriging model predictions could not pass through x1 = 3 and y1 =
Analyze the real estate data in Table 15.14 and make recommendations to a real estate developer about where to build and what type of house to build for profitability. A good analysis will typically
Analyze the box office data in Table 15.13 and make recommendations to the extent possible for a vice president at a major movie studio. A good analysis will typically include one or two models,
Which is correct and most complete according to the chapter?a. Editing models involves adding terms to regression models.b. If only a single acceptability check is possible, PRESS might be the
Calculate the following:a. Create a first order regression prediction model from the data.b. Create a second order regression prediction model from the data.c. Calculate R2 adjusted for a first order
Which is correct and most complete with regard to the regression flowchart in Figure 15.5?a. Acceptability checks cannot include residuals plots.b. Models of on-hand data must be used with caution.c.
Consider a first order regression using all of the factors including x3 with the sales response. Which is correct and most complete?a. Since “Service type” is a three level categorical factor,
Which of the following is correct and most complete (for a model without x3)?a. The regression estimate for sigma based on a first-order model is 0.944.b. The SSR for a first order model is
Which of the following is correct and most complete (for a model without x3)?a. The data derive from an application of standard response surface methods.b. No outliers appear in the upper right of
Which of the following is correct and most complete (for a model without x3)?a. Including the optional scaling, VIF1 = VIF2 = 1.08.b. One of the values on the normal probability plot of residuals
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. The optional first step involving scaling can affect VIF values.b. Least squares coefficient estimates minimize the sum of squared residuals.c.
Which is correct and most complete with regard to regression diagnostics?a. Generally, several acceptability tests must be passed for proof to follow.b. VIFs are directly useful for spotting outliers
Consider the data in Table 15.1, which is correct and most complete?a. Analysts are almost always given data in a format that make analysis easy.b. Making up data can never increase the believability
Considering the example in Section 15.2.2, which is correct and most complete? a. X'X = 5 25 25 135 b. Best is a 2 x 2 matrix. c. Best [22 34]' minimizes the sum of squares error. d. An optimization
A new product is released in two medium-sized cities. The demands in Month 1 were 37 and 43 units and in Month 2 were 55 and 45 units. Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. A first
(Advanced) Extend RDPM to drop the assumption that Dr = 0 for all r.
List two advantages of Taguchi Methods compared with RDPM.
List two advantages of RDPM compared with Taguchi Methods.
Assume that z1 and z2 have means μ1 and μ2 and standard deviations σ1 and σ2 respectively. Also, assume their covariance is zero. What isin terms of μ 1 and μ2, standard deviations σ1 and σ2,
Which is correct and most complete in relation to extended Taguchi Methods?a. Taguchi SNR ratios emphasize quality potentially at the expense of profits.b. ETC factors generally cost less to change
Which is correct and most complete in relation to extended Taguchi Methods?a. Marginal plotting is somewhat similar to regression without controlby-control factor interactions.b. Taguchi Methods
Which is correct and most complete in relation to extended Taguchi Methods?a. If responses for a control factor combination are: 2, 3, 5, and 3, SNRL = 10.1.b. If responses for a control factor
Which is correct and most complete in relation to extended Taguchi Methods?a. These methods are based on central composite designs.b. The choice of signal-to-noise ratio depends on the number of
What is the relationship between TOC from Chapter 2 and RDPM?
Which is correct and most complete?a. If there are three control factors and four noise factors, Cr is 3 × 4.b. Not every quadratic polynomial can be expressed by Equation (14.1).c. The first
Which is correct and most complete?a. Robustness opportunities are always present in systems.b. Large control-by-noise factor interactions can cause robustness opportunities.c. Noise-by-noise
Which is correct and most complete?a. Noise factor variation rarely (if ever) causes parts to fail to conform to specifications.b. Quality characteristics can be responses in applying RDPM
Which is correct and most complete (according to the text)?a. Expected prediction errors cannot be predicted before applying RSM.b. Box Behnken designs often foster more accurate prediction models
Which is correct and most complete based on how the designs are constructed?a. Central composite designs do not, in general, contain center points.b. A BBD design with seven factors contains the run
Which is correct and most complete?a. In two stage RSM, interactions are never in the fitted model form.b. In two stage RSM, finding lack of fit indicates more runs should be performed.c. Two stage
Which is correct and most complete (within the implied uncertainty)?a. F0 = 29 and lack of fit is detected.b. F0.05,1,nC – 1 = 3.29.c. F0 = 19.d. All of the above are correct.e. All of the above
Which is correct and most complete (within the implied uncertainty)?a. Adjusted R2 calculated is 0.99 a high fraction of the variation is unexplained.b. Adjusted R2 calculated is 0.99 a high fraction
Which is correct and most complete (within the implied uncertainty)?a. A full quadratic polynomial cannot be fitted since (X′X)–1X′ is undefined.b. RSM fitted coefficients are 5.88, 1.83, 0.19,
Which is correct and most complete?a. With three factors, two-step RSM cannot save costs compared with one-shot.b. In general, blocks in experimentation are essentially levels of the factor time.c.
Which is correct and most complete?a. If you only have enough money for a few runs, using screening without RSM might be wise.b. In general, factors in a DOE must be uncontrollable during
Which is correct and most complete?a. If X is n × k with n > k, X′ (the transpose) is n × k.b. If RSM is applied, (X′X)–1X′ cannot be calculated for quadratic model forms because X′X is a
According to the chapter, which is correct and most complete?a. EIMSE designs are an example of optimal or computer generated designs.b. Some EIMSE designs are available that have fewer runs than
How many factors and levels are involved in the paper airplane example?
Which is correct and most complete?a. With m = 3, f7(x) = x2x3.b. This model form contains pure quadratic terms.c. With m = 4, f6(x) = x1 2.d. With m = 5, f2(x) = 1.e. All of the above are correct.f.
Which is correct and most complete?a. Response surface methods cannot model interactions.b. In standard RSM, all factors must be continuous.c. Pure quadratic terms are contained in full quadratic
Which is correct and most complete?a. The model form in (c) in Table 13.19 contains one interaction term.b. Using the design matrix and model in (a) and (b) in Table 13.19, X′X is diagonal.c. Using
Which is correct and most complete?a. A design matrix based on (a) and (b) in Table 13.19 would be 9 × 4.b. A design matrix based on (a) and (c) in Table 13.19 would be 9 × 4.c. A design matrix
Which is correct and most complete?a. In a design matrix, there is a row for every run.b. Functional forms fitted in RSM are not polynomials.c. Linear regression models cannot contain terms like β1
Which is correct and most complete?a. RSM is mainly relevant for finding which factor changes affect a response.b. Central composite designs have at most three distinct levels of each factor.c.
Consider the columns of the experimental planning matrix as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H. Which of the following is correct and complete?a. For the design in Table 12.2, AB = E.b. For the design in
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. A regular fractional factorial with 20 runs is available in the literature.b. A PB design with 16 runs is available in the literature.c. A PB
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. The design in Table 12.14 is a regular fractional factorial.b. The design in Table 12.15 is a regular fractional factorial.c. The design in
Give one generator for the experimental design in Table 12.15.
Illustrate the application of standard screening using a real example.Experimentation can be based on the paper helicopter design implied by the manufacturing SOP in Chapter 2 in Example 2.6.1.a.
Assume n is the number of runs and m is the number of factors. Which is correct and most complete?a. Normal probability plots are often used instead of Lenth’s method for analysis.b. A reason not
Suppose that a person experiments using five factors and the eight run regular array. βest = {82.9, –1.125, –0.975, –1.875, 9.825, 0.35, 1.85, 0.55}.a. No factor has a significant effect on
Which is correct and most complete?a. The design in Table 12.14 is a regular fractional factorial.b. In applying DOE, factors of interest are controllable during testing.c. Sometimes, a good mental
Standard screening using regular FFs is used and all responses are close together. Which is correct and most complete?a. Likely users did not vary the factors over wide enough ranges.b. The exercise
Which is correct and most complete?a. People almost never make design decisions using FF experiments.Instead, they use results to pick factors for RSM experiments.b. Lenth’s method is designed to
Which is correct and most complete?a. Most software do not print out runs in randomized order.b. If no factors have significant effects, main effects plots are rarely (if ever) useful.c. Sometimes a
Which is correct and most complete?a. Often, the wider the level spacing, the greater the chance of finding significance.b. Often, the more data used, the greater the chance of finding
Which is correct and most complete?a. It can be reasonable to adjust factor settings of factors not proven to have significant effects using judgment.b. Changing factor x4 does not significantly
Which of the following is correct (within the applied uncertainty)?a. tLenth,5 = 0.97, and we fail to find significance with α = 0.05 even using IERs.b. tLenth,5 = 1.37, and we fail to find
Assume m is the number of factors. Which is correct and most complete?a. Regular fractional factorials all have at least one generator.b. The model plotted in an optional step is a highly accurate
Which is correct and most complete based on the above table?a. Changing factor x2 over the levels in the experiment can be proven to make a significant difference with IER and α = 0.05.b. In
Which of the following is correct and most complete based on Table 12.14?a. There are five factors, and the most standard, conservative analysis uses EER.b. Even if four factors had been used, the

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