Questions and Answers of Essentials Of Computer Organization

Explain what it means to “fetch” an instruction.
Read a popular local newspaper and search through the job openings. (You can also check some of the more popular online career sites.) Which jobs require specific hardware knowledge? Which jobs imply
What is meant by open architecture?
List and describe some common uses and some not-so-common uses of computers in business and other sectors of society.
Assuming we define Moore’s Law as the doubling of microprocessor power every 18 months, answer the following.a) After successfully completing your computer organization and architecture class, you
How is Rock’s Law related to Moore’s Law?
What are the limitations of Moore’s Law? Why can’t this law hold forever? Explain.
Name and explain the seven commonly accepted layers of the Computer Level Hierarchy. How does this arrangement help us to understand computer systems?
What are some technical implications of Moore’s Law? What effect does it have on your future?
How does the term abstraction apply to computer organization and architecture?
Do you share Dr. Ferrucci’s opinion that all computers will become like Watson someday? If you had a tablet-sized Watson, what would you do with it?
What was it about the von Neumann architecture that distinguished it from its predecessors?
Name the characteristics present in von Neumann architecture.
How does the fetch–decode–execute cycle work?
What are the three types of cloud computing platforms?
What are the main challenges of cloud computing from a provider perspective as well as a consumer perspective?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of service-oriented computing?
What is meant by parallel computing?
What is the underlying premise of Amdahl’s Law?
Perform the following base conversions using subtraction or division-remainder 245 10 a) b) 67710 c) 151810 d) 440110 = = -2 8 16 16
What makes Watson so different from traditional computers?
Perform the following base conversions using subtraction or division-remainder a) 58810 b) 225410 c) 65210 d) 310410 = = 2 8 16 16
The word bit is a contraction for what two words?
Perform the following base conversions using subtraction or division-remainder a) 13710 b) 24810 c) 38710 d) 633, 10 = = 16 16 16 8
Explain how the terms bit, byte, nibble, and word are related.
Perform the following base conversions (assuming unsigned numbers). a) 10101, b) 2302g c) 1605g d) 687 16 = 10 10 10 10
Why are binary and decimal called positional numbering systems?
Perform the following base conversions (assume unsigned numbers). a) 1000112 b) 4103g c) 323616 d) 1316 = = = 2 16 - 8 8
Explain how base 2, base 8, and base 16 are related.
How many of the “numbers to remember” (in all bases) from Table 2.1 can you remember? TABLE 2.1 Some Numbers to Remember Powers of 2 2² = = 0.25 2¹ = = 0.5 2⁰ = 1 2¹ = 2 2²=4 2³ = 8 24 =
Perform the following base conversions (assume unsigned numbers) 11100011₂ a) b) 32448 c) 340216 d) 578 = 16 - 8 16
What is a radix?
Convert the following decimal fractions to binary with a maximum of six places to the right of the binary point.a) 26.78125 b) 194.03125 c) 298.796875 d) 16.1240234375
What does overflow mean in the context of unsigned numbers?
Convert the following decimal fractions to binary with a maximum of six places to the right of the binary pointa) 25.84375 b) 57.55 c) 80.90625 d) 84.874023
Name the four ways in which signed integers can be represented in digital computers, and explain the differences.
Convert the following decimal fractions to binary with a maximum of six places to the right of the binary pointa) 27.59375 b) 105.59375 c) 241.53125 d) 327.78125
Which one of the four representations for signed integers is used most often by digital computer systems?
Convert the following binary fractions to decimala) 10111.1101 b) 100011.10011 c) 1010011.10001d) 11000010.111
How are complement systems similar to the odometer on a bicycle?
Convert the following binary fractions to decimal a) 100001.111 b) 111111.10011 c) 1001100.1011 d) 10001001.0111
What is the difference between the two’s complement representation of an integer and the two’s complement of an integer?
Convert the following binary fractions to decimal a) 110001.10101 b) 111001.001011 c) 1001001.10101 d) 11101001.110001
With reference to the previous question, what are the drawbacks of the other two conversion methods? Data in previous question.What is the difference between the two’s complement representation of
Convert the hexadecimal number AC1216to binary.
What is overflow, and how can it be detected? How does overflow in unsigned numbers differ from overflow in signed numbers?
Convert the hexadecimal number 7A0116 to binary.
If a computer is capable only of manipulating and storing integers, what difficulties present themselves? How are these difficulties overcome?
Convert the hexadecimal number DEAD DEAD BEEF16 to binary.
What are the goals of Booth’s algorithm?
How does carry differ from overflow?
Represent the following decimal numbers in binary using 8-bit signed magnitude, one’s complement, two’s complement, and excess127 representations.a) 77b) -42c) 119d) -107
What is arithmetic shifting?
What are the three component parts of a floating-point number?
Represent the following decimal numbers in binary using 8-bit signed magnitude, one’s complement, two’s complement, and excess-127 representations a) 97 b) -97c) 44 d) -44
Represent the following decimal numbers in binary using 8-bit signed magnitude, one’s complement, two’s complement, and excess127 representations a) 89 b) -89 c) 66 d) -66
What is a biased exponent, and what efficiencies can it provide?
What decimal value does the 8-bit binary number 10011110 have if a) It is interpreted as an unsigned number? b) It is on a computer using signed-magnitude representation? c) It is on a computer
Why is there always some degree of error in floating-point arithmetic when it is performed by a binary digital computer?
What decimal value does the 8-bit binary number 00010001 have if a) It is interpreted as an unsigned number?b) It is on a computer using signed-magnitude representation?c) It is on a computer using
How many bits long is a double-precision number under the IEEE-754 floating-point standard?
What decimal value does the 8-bit binary number 10110100 have if a) It is interpreted as an unsigned number?b) It is on a computer using signed-magnitude representation?c) It is on a computer using
What is EBCDIC, and how is it related to BCD?
Given the two binary numbers 11111100 and 01110000 a) Which of these two numbers is the larger unsigned binary number? b) Which of these two is the larger when it is being interpreted on a computer
What is ASCII, and how did it originate?
Using a “word” of 3 bits, list all the possible signed binary numbers and their decimal equivalents that are representable ina) Signed magnitude b) One’s complement c) Two’s complement
Using a “word” of 4 bits, list all the possible signed binary numbers and their decimal equivalents that are representable in a) Signed magnitude b) One’s complement c) Two’s complement
Fill in the following table to indicate what each binary pattern represents using the various formats Unsigned Integer 0 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4-Bit
Explain the difference between ASCII and Unicode.
How many bits does a Unicode character require?
Why was Unicode created?
Given a (very) tiny computer that has a word size of 6 bits, what are the smallest negative numbers and the largest positive numbers that this computer can represent in each of the following
To add two two’s complement numbers together, what must be true?
What is systematic error detection?
What is the most common representation used in most computers to store signed integer values and why?
What is a Hamming code?
What is meant by Hamming distance, and why is it important? What is meant by minimum Hamming distance?
Add the following unsigned binary numbers as shown 01110101 a) + 00111011 00010101 b) + 00011011 01101111 c) + 00010001
You have stumbled on an unknown civilization while sailing around the world. The people, who call themselves Zebronians, do math using 40 separate characters (probably because there are 40 stripes on
How is the number of redundant bits necessary for code related to the number of data bits?
Add the following unsigned binary numbers as shown 01000100 a) + 10111011 01011011 b) + 00011111 10101100 c) + 00100100
Subtract the following signed binary numbers as shown using two’s complement arithmetic 11000100 a)-00111011 01011011 b) 00011111 10101100 c) - 00100100
Perform the following binary multiplications, assuming unsigned integers 1100 a) × 101 10101 b) x 111 11010 c) x 1100
Perform the following binary divisions, assuming unsigned integers a) 101101 101 : b) 10000001 101 ㅎ c) 1001010010 1011
Perform the following binary multiplications, assuming unsigned integers 1011 a) X 101 10011 b) x 1011 11010 c) X 1011
Perform the following binary divisions, assuming unsigned integers a) 11111101 b) 110010101 c) 1001111100 1011 1001 1100
Using signed-magnitude representation, complete the following operations. +0+ (-0) = (-0) + 0 = 0 + 0 = (-0) + (-0) = Description
Using what you know about base systems, convert 101213 to decimal.
Suppose a computer uses 4-bit one’s complement representation. Ignoring overflows, what value will be stored in the variable j after the following pseudocode routine terminates. 0j // Store 0 in
Perform the following binary multiplications using Booth’s algorithm, assuming signed two’s complement integers 1011 a) × 0101 x 0011 b) x 1011 1011 c) X 1100
Using arithmetic shifting, perform the following a) Double the value 000101012. b) Quadruple the value 011101112. c) Divide the value 110010102 in half.
If the floating-point number representation on a certain system has a sign bit, a 3-bit exponent, and a 4-bit significanda) What is the largest positive and the smallest positive number that can be
Assume we are using the simple model for floating-point representation as given in the text (the representation uses a 14-bit format, 5 bits for the exponent with a bias of 15, a normalized mantissa
What causes divide underflow, and what can be done about it?
Show how each of the following floating-point values would be stored using IEEE-754 single precision (be sure to indicate the sign bit, the exponent, and the significand fields). a) 12.5 b) -1.5 c)
Show how each of the following floating-point values would be stored using IEEE-754 double precision (be sure to indicate the sign bit, the exponent, and the significand fields) a) 12.5 b)-1.5 c)
Why do we usually store floating-point numbers in normalized form? What is the advantage of using a bias as opposed to adding a sign bit to the exponent?
Suppose we have just found yet another representation for floatingpoint numbers. Using this representation, a 12-bit floating-point number has 1 bit for the sign of the number, 4 bits for the
Find three floating-point values to illustrate that floating-point addition is not associative. (You will need to run a program on specific hardware with a specific compiler.)
a) Given that the ASCII code for A is 1000001, what is the ASCII code for J? b) Given that the EBCDIC code for A is 1100 0001, what is the EBCDIC code for J?

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