Many parents allow their underage children to drink alcohol in limited situations when an adult is present to supervise. The idea is that teens will learn responsible drinking habits if they first experience alcohol in a controlled environment. Other parents take a strict nodrinking approach with the idea that they are sending a clear message about what is right and what is wrong.

Recent research, however, suggests that the more permissive approach may actually result in more negative consequences (McMorris et al., 2011). The researchers surveyed a sample of 150 students each year from ages 14 to 17.

The students were asked about their alcohol use and about alcohol-related problems such as binge drinking, fights, and blackouts. The following table shows data similar to the results from the study.

Experience with AlcoholRelated Problems No Yes Not Allowed to Drink 71 9 80 Allowed to Drink 89 31 120 160 40 n = 200

a. Do the data show a significant relationship between the parents’ rules about alcohol and subsequent alcohol-related problems? Test with a 5 .05.

b. Compute Cramér’s V to measure the strength of the relationship.