3. Word forward from general to specific. In essence, we are trying to use generalizations to reach a specific conclusion. For example, say we encounter one bad student in a school. Then we encounter several bad students in the school. Hence, all the students we have encountered are bad. So when we encounter a new student in that school, we will probably assume that he or she is a bad student. Of course, this reasoning is unsound, and it can lead to uncalled-for prejudices.