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physics
college physics a strategic approach 2nd
Questions and Answers of
College Physics A Strategic Approach 2nd
A solenoid used to produce magnetic fields for research purposes is 2.0 m long, with an inner radius of 30 cm and 1000 turns of wire. When running, the solenoid produces a field of 1.0 T in the
Figure Q24.13 shows a solenoid as seen in cross section. Compasses are placed at points 1 and 2. In which direction will each compass point when there is a large current in the direction shown?
If an electron is not moving, is it possible to set it in motion using a magnetic field? Explain.
One long solenoid is placed inside another solenoid with twice the dia- meter but the same length. Each solenoid carries the same current but in opposite directions, as shown in Figure Q24.14. If
A researcher would like to perform an experiment in zero magnetic field, which means that the field of the earth must be cancelled. Suppose the experiment is done inside a solenoid of diameter 1.0 m,
Determine the magnetic field direction that causes the charged particles shown in Figure Q24.18 to experience the indicated magnetic forces. FIGURE Q24.18 (a) 12 F out of page (b) ✓ v into page
Experimental tests have shown that hammerhead sharks can detect magnetic fields. In one such test, 100 turns of wire were wrapped around a 7.0-m-diameter cylindrical shark tank. A. magnetic field was
An electron is moving near a long, current-carrying wire, as shown in Figure Q24.19. What is the direction of the magnetic force on the electron? FIGURE Q24.19
Two positive charges are moving in a uniform magnetic field with velocities, as shown in Figure Q24.20. The magnetic force on each charge is also shown. In which direction does the magnetic field
An electron is moving in a circular orbit in the earth's magnetic field directly above the north magnetic pole. Viewed from above, is the rotation clockwise or counterclockwise?
The detector in a mass spectrometer records the number of ions measured at a fixed position as the field is varied. For a sample consisting of a single atomic species, two peaks were found where one
An electromagnetic flowmeter applies a magnetic field of 0.20 T to blood flowing through a coronary artery at a speed of 15 cm/s. What force is felt by a chlorine ion with a single negative charge?
A proton is moving near a long, current-carrying wire. When the proton is at the point shown in Figure Q24.24, in which direction is the force on it? Wire V Proton FIGURE Q24.24
A proton is moving near a long, current-carrying wire. When the proton is at the point shown in Figure Q24.25, in which direction is the force on it? Wire 12 Proton FIGURE Q24.25
A long wire and a square loop lie in the plane of the paper. Both carry a current in the direction shown in Figure Q24.26. In which direction is the net force on the loop? Explain.Figure Q24.26. L 7 X
At t = 0 s, a proton is moving with a speed of 5.5 x 105 m/s at an angle of 30 from the x-axis, as shown in Figure P24.28. A uniform magnetic field of magnitude 1.50 T is pointing in the positive
The computers that control MRI machines cannot have CRT monitors. Explain why this is so.
A Slinky is a child's toy that is a long coil spring. Suppose you take a Slinky and let it hang down and stretch out so that the coils do not touch each other, as in Figure Q24.28. Now you connect
Early black-and-white television sets used an electron beam to draw a picture on the screen. The electrons in the beam were accelerated by a voltage of 3.0 kV; the beam was then steered to different
A solenoid carries a current that produces a field inside it. A wire carrying a current lies inside the solenoid, at the center, carrying a current along the solenoid's axis. Is there a force on this
You want to make an electromagnet by wrapping wire around a nail. Should you use bare copper wire or wire coaled with inslIlating plastic? Explain.
The moon does not have a molten iron core like the earth, but the moon does have a small magnetic field. What might be the source of this field?
Archaeologists can use instruments that measure small variations in magnetic field to locate buried walls made of fired brick, as shown in Figure Q24.32. When fired, the magnetic moments in the clay
The unit of current, the ampere, is defined in terms of the force between currents. If two 1.0-meter-long sections of very long wires a distance 1.0 m apart each carry a current of 1.0 A, what is the
A uniform 2.5 T magnetic field points to the right. A 3.0-m-long wire, carrying 15 A, is placed at an angle of 30 to the field, as shown in Figure 24.33. What is the force (magnitude and direction)
The four wires in Figure P24.34 are tilted at 20° with respect to a uniform 0.35 T field. If each carries 4.5 A and is 0.35 m long, what is the force (direction and magnitude) on each? FIGURE
Magnetic information on hard drives is accessed by a read head that must move rapidly back and forth across the disk. The force to move the head is generally created with a voice coil actuator, a
A current loop in a motor has an area of 0.85 cm2 It carries a 240 mA current in a uniform field of 0.62 T. What is the magnitude of the maximum torque on the current loop?
Figure P24.38 shows two square current loops. The loops are far apart and do not interact with each other.a. Use force diagrams to show that both loops are in equilibrium, having a net force of zero
Figure Q24.36 shows four particles moving to the right as they enter a region of uniform magnetic field, directed into the paper as noted. All particles move at the same speed and have the same
If two compasses are brought near enough to each other, the magnetic fields of the compasses themselves will be larger than the field of the earth, and the needles will line up with each other. Which
Moving a charge from point A, where the potential is 300 V, to point B, where the potential is 150 V, takes 4.5 x 10-4 J of work. What is the value of the charge?
The graph in Figure P21.2 shows the electric potential energy as a function of separation for two point charges. If one charge is +0.44 nC, what is the other charge? FIGURE P21.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
By moving a 10 nC charge from point A to point B, you determine that the electric potential at B is 150 V. What would be the potential at B if a 20 nC charge were moved from A to B?
Why is the potential energy of two opposite charges a negative number?
It takes 3.0 μJ of work to move a 15 nC charge from point A to B. It takes -5.0 μJ of work to move the charge from C to B. What is the potential difference Vc-VA?
A 20 nC charge is moved from a point where V = 150 V to a point where V = -50 V. How much work is done by the force that moves the charge?
The graph in Figure Q21.6 shows the electric potential along the x-axis. Draw a graph of the potential energy of a 0.10 C charged particle in this region of space, providing a numerical scale on the
At one point in space, the electric potential energy of a 15 nC charge is 45 μJ.a. What is the electric potential at this point? b. If a 25 nC charge were placed at this point, what would its
An electron has been accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 1000 V. a. What is its kinetic energy, in electron volts? b. What is its kinetic energy, in joules? c. What is its
A proton has been accelerated from rest through a potential difference of -1000 V. a. What is its kinetic energy, in electron volts? b. What is its kinetic energy, in joules? c. What is its speed?
Rank in order, from most positive to most negative, the electric potentials V1 to V5 at points 1 to 5 in Figure Q21.10. Explain. 3 FIGURE Q21.10
What potential difference is needed to accelerate a He+ ion (charge +e, mass 4 u) from rest to a speed of 1.0 × 106 m/s?
The electric potential at a point that is halfway between two identical charged particles is 300 V. What is the potential at a point that is 25% of the way from one particle to the other?
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the electric field strengths E1, E2, E3, and E4 at the four labeled points in Figure Q21.14. Explain. 10 V 20 V 30 V 2 40 V OV FIGURE Q21.14 -10 V -20 V -30
A 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm parallel-plate capacitor has a 2.0 mm spacing. The electric field strength inside the capacitor is 1.0 × 105 V/m.a. What is the potential difference across the capacitor? b. How
a. In Figure P21.14, which capacitor plate, left or right, is the positive plate?b. What is the electric field strength inside the capacitor? c. What is the potential energy of a proton at the
A +25 nC charge is at the origin. a. What are the radii of the 1000 V, 2000 V, 3000 V, and 4000 V equipotential surfaces? b. Draw an equipotential map in the xy-plane showing the charge and these
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the energies (Uc)1, to (Uc)4 stored in each of the capacitors in Figure Q21.17. Explain. ΔΙ FIGURE Q21.17 C/2 24V +++++ 2C AV AC AV
A 1.0 nC positive point charge is located at point A in Figure Q21.20. The electric potential at point B is A. 9.0 V B. 9.0sin 30° V C. 9.0cos 30° V D. 9.0tan 30° V A 1.0 m 30° B FIGURE Q21.20
A 1.0-mm-diameter ball bearing has 2.0 x 109 excess electrons. What is the ball bearing's potential?
In Figure P21.21, the electric potential at point A is -300 V. What is the potential at point B, which is 5.0 cm to the right of A? E = 1200 V/m A B 30⁰ FIGURE P21.21
One standard location for a pair of electrodes during an EKG is shown in Figure P21.25. The potential difference ΔV31 = V3 - V1 is recorded. For each of the three instants a, b, and c during the
Two 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm square aluminum electrodes, spaced 0.50 mm apart, are connected to a 100 V battery. a. What is the capacitance? b. What is the charge on the positive electrode?
An uncharged capacitor is connected to the terminals of a 3.0 V battery, and 6.0 μC flows to the positive plate. The 3.0 V battery is then disconnected and replaced with a 5.0 V battery, with the
An atom of helium and one of argon are singly ionized-one electron is removed from each. The two ions are then accelerated from rest by the electric field between two plates with a potential
What is the voltage of a battery that will charge a 2.0 μF capacitor to ± 48 μC?
Two electrodes connected to a 9.0 V battery are charged to ± 45 nC. What is the capacitance of the electrodes?
A science-fair radio uses a homemade capacitor made of two 35 cm x 35 cm sheets of aluminum foil separated by a 0.25-mm-thick sheet of paper. What is its capacitance?
Initially, the switch in Figure P21.33 is open and the capacitor is uncharged. How much charge flows through the switch after the switch is closed? FIGURE P21.33 Switch- + 1.5V 루 10 F
A 1.2 nF parallel-plate capacitor has an air gap between its plates. Its capacitance increases by 3.0 nF when the gap is filled by a dielectric. What is the dielectric constant of that dielectric?
A 25 pF parallel-plate capacitor with an air gap between the plates is connected to a 100 V battery. A Teflon slab is then inserted between the plates and completely fills the gap. What is the change
Two 2.0-cm-diameter electrodes with a 0.10-mm-thick sheet of Teflon between them are attached to a 9.0 V battery. Without disconnecting the battery, the Teflon is removed. What are the charge,
A capacitor with its plates separated by paper stores 4.4 nC of charge when it is connected to a particular battery. An otherwise identical capacitor, but with its plates separated by Pyrex glass, is
What is the electric potential energy of the electron in Figure P21.49? The protons are fixed and can't move. FIGURE P21.49 Protons 0.50 nm 0.50 nm 2.0 nm Electron
A pair of 10 μF capacitors in a high-power laser are charged to 1.7 kV.a. What charge is stored in each capacitor? b. How much energy is stored in each capacitor?
a. What is the electric potential at point A in Figure P21.59?b. What is the potential energy of a proton at point A? 10 nC 4.0 cm 2.0 cm 5.0 nC FIGURE P21.59 -5.0 nC A
Electric outlets have a voltage of approximately 120 V between the two parallel slots. Estimate the electric field strength between these two slots.
Estimate the magnitude of the electric field in a cell membrane with a thickness of 8 nm.
A Na+ ion moves from inside a cell, where the electric potential is -70 mV, to outside the cell, where the potential is 0 V. What is the change in the ion's electric potential energy as it moves from
In the early 1900s, Robert Millikan used small charged droplets of oil, suspended in an electric field, to make the first quantitative measurements of the electron's charge. A 0.70-um- diameter
A 2.5-mm-diameter sphere is charged to -4.5 nC. An electron fired directly at the sphere from far away comes to within 0.30 mm of the surface of the target before being reflected.a. What was the
The plates of a 3.0 nF parallel-plate capacitor are each 0.27 m2 in area. a. How far apart are the plates if there's air between them? b. If the plates are separated by a Teflon sheet, how thick is
The dielectric in a capacitor serves two purposes. It increases the capacitance, compared to an otherwise identical capacitor with an air gap, and it increases the maximum potential difference the
Two wires connect a lightbulb to a battery, completing a circuit and causing the bulb to glow. Do the simple observations and measurements that you can make on this circuit prove that something is
Two wires connect a lightbulb to a battery, completing a circuit and causing the bulb to glow. Are the simple observations and measurements you can make on this circuit able to distinguish a current
A wire carries a 1.0 A current for 30 s. How many electrons move past a point in the wire?
What causes electrons to move through a wire as a current?
When a nerve cell depolarizes, charge is transferred across the cell membrane, changing the potential difference. For a typical nerve cell, 9.0 pC of charge flows in a time of 0.50 ms. What is the
A lightbulb is connected to a battery by two copper wires of equal lengths but different thicknesses. A thick wire connects one side of the lightbulb to the positive terminal of the battery and a
A wire carries a 15 μA current. How many electrons pass a given point on the wire in 1.0 s?
In a typical lightning strike, 2.5 C flows from cloud to ground in 0.20 ms. What is the current during the strike?
A wire carries a 4 A current. What is the current in a second wire that delivers twice as much charge in half the time?
A capacitor is charged to 6.0 X 10-4 C, then discharged by connecting a wire between the two plates. 40 us after the dis- charge begins, the capacitor still holds 13% of its original charge. What was
Metal 1 and metal 2 are each formed into 1-mm-diameter wires. The electric field needed to cause a 1 A current in metal 1 is larger than the electric field needed to cause a 1 A current in metal 2.
Cells in the nervous system have a potential difference of 70 mV across the cell membrane separating the interior of the cell from the extracellular fluid. This potential difference is maintained by
If you change the temperature of a segment of metal wire, the dimensions change and the resistivity changes. How does each of these changes affect the resistance of the wire?
A battery supplies a steady 1.5 A current to a circuit. If the charges moving in the battery are positive ions with charge e, how many ions per second are transported from the negative terminal to
What is the emf of a battery that does 0.60 J of work to transfer 0.050 C of charge from the negative to the positive terminal?
An individual hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell has an output of 0.75 V. How many cells must be connected in series to drive a 24.0 V motor?
When lightning strikes the ground, it generates a large electric field along the surface of the ground directed toward the point of the strike. People near a lightning strike are often injured not by
An electric catfish can generate a significant potential difference using stacks of special cells called electrocytes. Each electrocyte develops a potential difference of 110 mV. How many cells must
Over time, atoms "boil off" the hot filament in an incandescent bulb and the filament becomes thinner. How does this affect the brightness of the lightbulb?
Lightbulbs are typically rated by their power dissipation when operated at a given voltage. Which of the following light- bulbs has the largest current through it when operated at the voltage for
We can model the rear window defroster in a car as a resistor that is connected to the car's 12 V battery. The defroster is made of a material whose resistance increases rapidly as the temperature
Lightbulbs are typically rated by their power dissipation when operated at a given voltage. Which of the following light- bulbs has the largest resistance when operated at the voltage for which it's
What is the resistance of a. A 1.0-m-long copper wire that is 0.50 mm in diameter? b. A 10-cm-long piece of iron with a 1.0 mm X 1.0 mm square cross section?
A stereo amplifier creates a 5.0 V potential difference across a speaker. To double the power output of the speaker, the amplifier's potential difference must be increased to A. 7.1 V B. 10 V C. 14
A motorcyclist is making an electric vest that, when connected to the motorcycle's 12 V battery, will warm her on cold rides. She is using 0.25-mm-diameter copper wire, and she wants a current of 4.0
If a 1.5 V battery stores 5.0 kJ of energy (a reasonable value for an inexpensive C cell), for how many minutes could it sustain a current of 1.2 A? A. 2.7 B. 6.9 C. 9.0 D. 46
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