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physics
college physics a strategic approach 2nd

Questions and Answers of College Physics A Strategic Approach 2nd

24. •• A convex mirror in a department store produces an upright image 0.25 times the size of a person who is standing 200 cm from the mirror. What is the focal length of the mirror?
23. IE •• When a man’s face is in front of a concave mirror of radius 100 cm, the lateral magnification of the image is +1.5. What is the image distance?
22. •• Using the spherical mirror equation and the magnification factor, show that for a convex mirror, the image of an object is always virtual, upright, and reduced.
21. IE •• A virtual image of magnification +0.50 is produced when an object is placed 5.0 cm in front of a spherical mirror. (a) The mirror is (1) convex, (2) concave,(3) flat. Explain. (b) Find
20. IE •• A virtual image of magnification +2.0 is produced when an object is placed 7.0 cm in front of a spherical mirror. (a) The mirror is (1) convex, (2) concave,(3) flat. Explain. (b) Find
19. •• A bottle 6.0 cm tall is located 75 cm from the concave surface of a mirror with a radius of curvature of 50 cm. Where is the image located, and what are its characteristics?
18. IE •• An object is 120 cm in front of a convex mirror that has a focal length of 50 cm. (a) Use a ray diagram to determine whether the image is (1) real or virtual,(2) upright or inverted,
17. •• Use the mirror equation and the magnification factor to show that when do = R = 2f for a concave mirror, the image is real, inverted, and the same size as the object.
16. •• An object 3.0 cm tall is placed at different locations in front of a concave mirror whose radius of curvature is 30 cm. Determine the location of the image and its characteristics when the
15. • If the object in Exercise 14 is moved to a position 10 cm from the front of the mirror, what will be the characteristics of the image?
14. • An object 3.0 cm tall is placed 20 cm from the front of a concave mirror with a radius of curvature of 30 cm. Where is the image formed, and how tall is it?
13. • An object is placed 50 cm in front of a convex mirror and its image is found to be 20 cm behind the mirror.What is the focal length of the mirror? What is the lateral magnification?
12. • A candle with a flame 1.5 cm tall is placed 5.0 cm from the front of a concave mirror. A virtual image is formed 10 cm behind the mirror. (a) Find the focal length and radius of curvature of
11. IE • An object is 100 cm in front of a concave mirror that has a radius of 80 cm. (a) Use a ray diagram to determine whether the image is (1) real or virtual, (2) upright or inverted, and (3)
9. •• Prove that do = |di| (equal magnitude) for a plane mirror. [Hint: Refer to Figures 23.1 and 23.2 and use similar and identical triangles.]
8. •• A woman 1.7 m tall stands 3.0 m in front of a plane mirror. (a) What is the minimum height the mirror must be to allow the woman to view her complete image from head to foot? Assume that
7. IE •• (a) When you stand between two plane mirrors on opposite walls in a dance studio, you observe(1) one, (2) two, or (3) multiple images. Explain. (b) If you stand 3.0 m from the mirror on
6. IE •• A woman fixing the hair on the back of her head holds a plane mirror 30 cm in front of her face so as to look into a plane mirror on the bathroom wall behind her. She is 90 cm from the
5. •• A small dog sits 3.0 m in front of a plane mirror.(a) Where is the dog’s image in relation to the mirror?(b) If the dog jumps at the mirror at a speed of 1.0 m/s, how fast does the dog
4. •• If you hold a 900-cm2 square plane mirror 45 cm from your eyes and can just see the full length of an 8.5-m flagpole behind you, how far are you from the pole? [Hint: A diagram is helpful.]
3. • An object 5.0 cm tall is placed 40 cm from a plane mirror. Find (a) the distance from the object to the image, (b) the height of the image, and (c) the image’s magnification.
2. • A man stands 2.0 m away from a plane mirror.(a) What is the distance between the mirror and the man’s image? (b) What are the image characteristics?
1. • Standing 2.5 m in front of a plane mirror with your camera, you decide to take a picture of yourself. To what distance should the camera be focused to get a sharp image?
19. What is the cause of spherical aberration?
18. If a farsighted person is prescribed with a “stronger”or more “powerful” lens, does the lens have a longer or shorter focal length? Explain.
17. A lens that is converging in air is submerged in a fluid whose index of refraction is greater than that of the lens. Is the lens still converging?
16. When you open your eyes underwater, everything is blurry. However, when you wear goggles, you can see clearly. Explain.
15. Determine the signs of R1 and R2 for each lens shown in Figure 23.16.
14. The lateral magnification of an image formed by a lens of a chair is −0.50. Discuss the image characteristics.
13. How would you use a converging lens as a magnifying glass? Can you do the same with a diverging lens?
12. Explain why a fish in a spherical fish bowl, viewed from the side, appears larger than it really is.
11. If you want to use a converging lens to design a simple overhead projector to project the magnified image of an object containing small writing onto a screen on a wall, how far should you place
10. How can you quickly determine the focal length of a converging lens? Will the same method work for a diverging lens?
9. A 10-cm-tall mirror bears the following advertisement:“Full-view mini mirror. See your full body in 10 cm.” How can this be?
8. (a) Some side rearview mirrors have the warning“OBJECTS IN THE MIRROR ARE CLOSER THAN THEY APPEAR” as shown in ▶ Figure 23.27. Explain why. (b) What is the type of the mirror – concave,
7. Can a convex mirror produce an image that is taller than the object? Why or why not?
6. How can the focal length be quickly determined experimentally for a concave mirror? Can you do the same thing for a convex mirror?
5. Why do some fire trucks have “FIRE” printed backward and reversed on the front of the truck (▼ Figure 23.26)?
4. When you stand in front of a plane mirror, there is a right–left reversal. (a) Why is there not a top–bottom reversal of your body? (b) Could you create an apparent top–bottom reversal by
2. What is the focal length of a plane mirror? Explain.
1. Can a virtual image be projected onto a screen? Why or why not?
17. A lens aberration that is caused by dispersion is called(a) spherical aberration, (b) chromatic aberration,(c) astigmatism, (d) none of the preceding.
16. If the focal length of a lens increases, the lens power will (a) also increase, (b) decrease, (c) remain the same.
15. The power of a lens is expressed in units of (a) watts,(b) joules, (c) diopters, (d) meters.
14. The focal length of a thin lens depends on (a) the radii of both surfaces, (b) the index of refraction of the lens material, (c) the index of refraction of the surrounding material, (d) all of
13. The focal length of a rectangular glass block is (a) zero,(b) infinity, (c) not defined.
12. A converging lens (a) must have at least one convex surface, (b) cannot produce a virtual and reduced image, (c) is thicker at its center than at the periphery,(d) all of the preceding.
11. The image produced by a diverging lens is always(a) virtual and magnified, (b) real and magnified,(c) virtual and reduced, (d) real and reduced.
10. A converging thin lens can form (a) both magnified and reduced images, (b) only magnified images,(c) only reduced images.
9. If an object is placed at the focal point of a converging lens, the image is (a) at zero, (b) also at the focal point, (c) at a distance equal to twice the focal length,(d) at infinity.
8. A mirror is used to form an image that is larger than the object, so it must be a (a) concave mirror,(b) convex mirror, (c) plane mirror.
7. The image produced by a convex mirror is always(a) virtual and upright, (b) real and upright, (c) virtual and inverted, (d) real and inverted.
6. Which of the following statements concerning spherical mirrors is correct? (a) A converging mirror can produce an inverted virtual image. (b) A diverging mirror can produce an inverted virtual
5. A concave spherical mirror can form (a) both real and virtual images, (b) only virtual images, (c) only real images.
4. The lateral magnification of a plane mirror is (a) greater than 1, (b) less than 1, (c) equal to +1, (d) equal to −1.
3. A plane mirror (a) produces both real and virtual images, (b) always produces a virtual image, (c) always produces a real image, (d) forms images by diffuse reflection.
2. The image of a person formed by a plane mirror is (a) real, upright, and unmagnified, (b) virtual, upright, and magnified, (c) real, upright, and magnified,(d) virtual, upright, and unmagnified.
1. A plane mirror has (a) a greater image distance than object distance, (b) a greater object distance than image distance, (c) the same object and image distance.
42. •• In Exercise 40, if the angle of incidence is 41.15°, which color(s) of light will be refracted out into the air?
41. •• A beam of light with red and blue components of wavelengths 670 and 425 nm, respectively, strikes a slab of fused quartz at an incident angle of 30°. On refraction, the different
40. IE •• The index of refraction of crown glass is 1.515 for red light and 1.523 for blue light. (a) If light of both colors is incident on crown glass from air, the blue color will be refracted
39. • White light is incident from air onto a transparent material at an angle of incidence of 40°. The angles of refraction for the red and blue colors are 28.15° and 27.95°, respectively. What
38. IE •• A light beam traveling upward in a plastic material with an index of refraction of 1.60 is incident on an upper horizontal air interface. (a) At certain angles of incidence, the light
37. •• Yellow-green light of wavelength 550 nm in air is incident on the surface of a flat piece of crown glass at an angle of 40°. (a) What is the angle of refraction of the light? (b) What is
36. •• A flint glass plate 3.5 cm thick is placed over a newspaper. How far beneath the top surface of the plate would the print appear to be if you were looking almost vertically downward
35. •• A coin lies on the bottom of a pool under 1.5 m of water and 0.90 m from the side wall (▼ Figure 22.29).If a light beam is incident on the water surface at the wall, at what angle
34. •• A prism (Figure 22.28) is made of a material with an index of refraction of 1.85. Can the prism be used to deflect a beam of light by (a) in air? (b) What about in water?
32. •• Light in air is incident on a transparent material. It is found that the angle of reflection is twice the angle of refraction. What is the range of the index of refraction of the material?
31. •• A submerged diver shines a light toward the surface of a body of water at angles of incidence of 40°and 50°. Can a person on the shore see a beam of light emerging from the surface in
30. •• At what angle to the surface must a diver submerged in a lake look toward the surface to see the setting Sun just along the horizon?
29. IE •• To a submerged diver looking upward through the water, the altitude of the Sun (the angle between the Sun and the horizon) appears to be 45°. (a) The actual altitude of the Sun is (1)
28. •• A light ray in air is incident on a glass plate 10.0 cm thick at an angle of incidence of 40°. The glass has an index of refraction of 1.65. The emerging ray on the other side of the
27. •• What percentage of the actual depth is the apparent depth of an object submerged in oil if the observer is looking almost straight downward? (See Exercise 25b.)
26. •• A person looks over the edge of a pool and sees a bottle cap on the bottom directly below, where the depth is 3.2 m. How far below the water surface does the bottle cap appear to be? (See
24. •• The critical angle between two materials is 41°. If the angle of incidence is 35°, what is the angle of refraction?(Consider that light can travel to the interface from either material.)
23. IE •• In Exercise 22, (a) the wavelength of light in material A is (1) greater than, (2) the same as,(3) less than the wavelength of light in material B.Explain. (b) What is the ratio of the
22. IE •• Light passes from material A, which has an index of refraction of 43, into material B, which has an index of refraction of 54. (a) The speed of light in material A is(1) greater than,
21. •• The laser used in cornea surgery to treat corneal disease is the excimer laser, which emits ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 193 nm in air. The index of refraction of the cornea is
20. •• A beam of light is incident from air onto a flat piece of polystyrene at an angle of 50° relative to a normal to the surface. What angle does the refracted ray make with the plane of the
#!# 19. •• A beam of light in air is incident on the surface of a slab of fused quartz. Part of the beam is transmitted into the quartz at an angle of refraction of 30° relative to a normal to
17. IE • (a) For total internal reflection to occur, should the light be directed from (1) air to water or (2) water to air?Explain. (b) What is the critical angle of water in air?18. •• What
16. • The critical angle for a certain type of glass in air is 40.2°. What is the index of refraction of the glass?
15. IE • Light passes from a crown glass container into water. (a) Will the angle of refraction be (1) greater than, (2) equal to, or (3) less than the angle of incidence?Explain. (b) If the angle
14. IE • A beam of light enters water from air. (a) Will the angle of refraction be (1) greater than, (2) equal to, or(3) less than the angle of incidence? Explain. (b) If the angle of incidence is
13. • A beam of light traveling in air is incident on a transparent plastic material at an angle of incidence of 50°.The angle of refraction is 35°. What is the index of refraction of the plastic?
12. IE • The indices of refraction for zircon and fused quartz can be found in Table 22.1. (a) The speed of light in fused quartz is (1) greater than, (2) less than,(3) the same as the speed of
11. • The speed of light in the core of the crystalline lens in a human eye is 2.13 × 108 m/s. What is the index of refraction of the core?
10. • The index of refraction in a certain precious transparent stone is 2.42. What is the speed of light in that stone?
9. ••• For the plane mirrors in Figure 22.26, what anglesα and θi1 would allow a ray to be reflected back in the direction from which it came (parallel to the incident ray)?
7. •• A beam of light is incident on a plane mirror at an angle of incidence of 35°. If the mirror rotates through a small angle of θ, through what angle will the reflected ray rotate?
6. •• Two people stand 5.0 m apart and 3.0 m away from a large plane mirror in a dark room. At what angle of incidence should one of them shine a flashlight on the mirror so that the reflected
5. IE •• Two identical plane mirrors of width w are placed a distance d apart with their mirrored surfaces parallel and facing each other. (a) A beam of light is incident at one end of one mirror
4. IE •• Two upright plane mirrors touch along one edge, where their planes make an angle of α. A beam of light is directed onto one of the mirrors at an angle of incidence of β (β < α) and
3. IE • A beam of light is incident on a plane mirror at an angle α relative to the surface of the mirror. (a) Will the angle between the reflected ray and the normal be(1) α, (2) 90° − α, or
2. • A beam of light is incident on a plane mirror at an angle of 35° relative to the normal. What is the angle between the reflected ray and the surface of the mirror?
1. • The angle of incidence of a light ray on a mirrored surface is 30°. What is the angle between the incident and reflected rays?
15. If glass is dispersive, why don’t we normally see a spectrum of colors when sunlight passes through a glass window? Explain.
14. A light beam consisting of two colors, A and B, is sent through a prism. Color A is refracted more than color B. Which color has a longer wavelength? Explain.
13. A glass prism disperses white light into a spectrum.Can a second glass prism be used to recombine the spectral components? Explain.
12. If white light is incident on a square block of dispersive material, will there be a spectrum? How about the angles of the colors when they exit the block?

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