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physics
college physics a strategic approach 2nd

Questions and Answers of College Physics A Strategic Approach 2nd

A 0.75-kg block slides with a uniform velocity down a 20° inclined plane (▼ Figure 5.6). (a) How much work is done by the force of friction on the block as it slides the total length of the plane?
A worker pulls a \(40.0-\mathrm{kg}\) crate with a rope, as illustrated in \(abla\) Figure 5.5. The coefficient of kinetic (sliding) friction between the crate and the floor is 0.550. If he moves the
A student holds her \(1.5-\mathrm{kg}\) psychology textbook out a second story dormitory window until her arm is tired; then she releases it \(\square\) Figure 5.4). (a) How much work is done on the
A loaded Airbus 380 jumbo jet has a mass close to 6.0 × 105 kg. What net force is required to give the plane an acceleration of 3.5 m/s2 down the runway for takeoffs?
The purpose of a car’s antilock brakes is to prevent the wheels from locking up so as to keep the car rolling rather than sliding. Why would rolling decrease the stopping distance as compared with
Is something wrong with the following statement?When a baseball is hit with a bat, there are equal and opposite forces on the bat and baseball. The forces then cancel, and there is no motion.
Here is a story of a horse and a farmer: One day, the farmer attaches a heavy cart to the horse and demands that the horse pull the cart. “Well,” says the horse, “I cannot pull the cart,
An astronaut has a mass of 70 kg when measured on Earth. What is her weight in deep space, far from any celestial body? What is her mass there?
An object weighs 300 N on Earth and 50 N on the Moon.Does the object also have less inertia on the Moon?
A crate sits in the middle of the bed of a flatbed truck.The driver accelerates the truck gradually from rest to a normal speed, but then has to make a sudden stop to avoid hitting a car. If the
The coefficient of kinetic friction, μk,(a) is usually greater than the coefficient of static friction, μs,(b) usually equals μs,(c) is usually smaller than μs,(d) equals the applied force that
In general, the frictional force (a) is greater for smooth than rough surfaces, (b) depends significantly on sliding speeds, (c) is proportional to the normal force,(d) depends significantly on the
The condition(s) for translational equilibrium is (are)ΣFx = 0, (b) ΣFy = 0, (c) F1 =0, (d) all of the preceding.
The kinematic equations of Chapter 2 cannot be used with (a) constant accelerations, (b) constant velocities,(c) variable velocities, (d) variable accelerations.
A semi-truck collides head-on with a passenger car, causing a lot more damage to the car than to the truck.From this condition, we can say that (a) the magnitude of the force of the truck on the car
A brick hits a glass window. The brick breaks the glass, so(a) the magnitude of the force of the brick on the glass is greater than the magnitude of the force of the glass on the brick,(b) the
The action and reaction forces of Newton’s third law(a) are in the same direction, (b) have different magnitudes,(c) act on different objects, (d) are the same force.
The weight of an object is directly proportional to(a) its mass,(b) its inertia,(c) the acceleration due to gravity,(d) all of the preceding.
The acceleration of an object is(a) inversely proportional to the acting net force,(b) directly proportional to its mass,(c) directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its
The newton unit of force is equivalent to(a) kg·m/s,(b) kg·m/s2,(c) kg·m2/s,(d) none of the preceding.
The force required to keep a rocket ship moving at a constant velocity in deep space is(a) equal to the weight of the ship,(b) dependent on how fast the ship is moving,(c) equal to that generated by
If the net force on an object is zero, the object could(a) be at rest, (b) be in motion at a constant velocity,(c) have zero acceleration, (d) all of the preceding.
If an object is moving at constant velocity, (a) there must be a force in the direction of the velocity, (b) there must be no force in the direction of the velocity, (c) there must be no net force,
A force (a) always produces motion, (b) is a scalar quantity,(c) is capable of producing a change in motion,(d) both (a) and (b).
Mass is related to an object’s (a) weight, (b) inertia,(c) density, (d) all of the preceding.
A crate sits in the middle of the bed on a flatbed truck that is traveling at 80 km/h on a straight, level road. The coefficient of static friction between the crate and the truck bed is 0.40. When
A worker pulling a crate applies a force at an angle of 30° to the horizontal, as shown in Figure 4.22. What is the magnitude of the minimum force he must apply to move the crate? (Before looking at
Keeping a broken leg bone straight while it is healing sometimes requirestraction, which is the procedure in which the bone is held under stretchingtension forces at both ends to keep it aligned.
A force of \(10.0 \mathrm{~N}\) is applied at an angle of \(30^{\circ}\) to the horizontal on a \(1.25-\mathrm{kg}\) block initially at rest on a frictionless surface, as illustrated in Figure
Two masses are connected by a light string running over a light pulley of negligible friction, as illustrated in the space diagram (1) of Figure 4.13. One mass (m1 = 5.0 kg) is on a frictionless 20°
Focusing only on thecase, two equal and opposite forces acting on it can be identified –the downward weight of the case and the upward applied force bythe hand. However, these two forces cannot be
A woman waiting to cross the street holds a briefcase in her handas shown in ▶ Figure 4.12a. Identify all of the third law force pairsinvolving the briefcase in this situation.▲ FIGURE 4.12 Force
A block of mass 0.50 kg travels with a speed of 2.0 m/s in the +x-direction on a flat, frictionless surface. On passing through the ▲ FIGURE 4.10 Off the straight and narrow A force is applied to
A student weighs 588 N. What is her mass? THINKING IT THROUGH. Newton’s second law allows us to determine an object’s mass if we know the object’s weight (force), since g is known.Given:w = 588
A tractor pulls a loaded wagon on a level road with a constant horizontal force of 440 N (▼ Figure 4.8). If the mass of the wagon is 200 kg and that of the load is 75 kg, what is the magnitude of
A pouring rain comes straight down with a raindrop speed of \(6.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). A woman with an umbrella walks eastward at a brisk pace of \(1.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) to get
A boat that travels at a speed of \(6.75 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) in still water is to go directly across a river and back ( \(abla\) Figure 3.34). The current flows at \(0.50 \mathrm{~m} /
In Exercise 59, what are the relative velocities if the ball is thrown in the direction of the truck?Exercise 59A person riding in the back of a pickup truck traveling at \(70 \mathrm{~km} /
A shopper is in a hurry to catch a bargain in a department store. She walks up the escalator, rather than letting it carry her, at a speed of \(1.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) relative to the
A shot-putter launches the shot from a vertical distance of \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\) off the ground (from just above her ear) at a speed of \(12.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). The initial velocity is at
This time, William Tell is shooting at an apple that hangs on a tree ( \(abla\) Figure 3.32). The apple is a horizontal distance of \(20.0 \mathrm{~m}\) away and at a height of \(4.00 \mathrm{~m}\)
A stone thrown off a bridge \(20 \mathrm{~m}\) above a river has an initial velocity of \(12 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) at an angle of \(45^{\circ}\) above the horizontal ( \(>\) Figure 3.31).(a)
A convertible travels down a straight, level road at a slow speed of \(13 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\). A person in the car throws a ball with a speed of \(3.6 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) forward at an
A wheeled car with a spring-loaded cannon fires a metal ball vertically (Figure 3.24). If the vertical initial speed of the ball is \(5.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) as the cannon moves horizontally
An electron is ejected horizontally at a speed of \(1.5 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) from the electron gun of an old computer monitor. If the viewing screen is \(35 \mathrm{~cm}\) from
A ball with a horizontal speed of \(1.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) rolls off a bench \(2.0 \mathrm{~m}\) high.(a) How long will the ball take to reach the floor?(b) How far from a point on the floor
Two students are pulling a box, as shown in Figure 3.25, where \(F_{1}=100 \mathrm{~N}\) and \(F_{2}=150 \mathrm{~N}\). What third force would cause the box to be stationary when all three forces are
A person walks from point \(A\) to point \(B\) as shown in \(\checkmark\) Figure 3.30. What is the person's displacement relative to point A? 20 m /45 40 m A 20 m 30 30 m
A student works three problems involving the addition of two different vectors, \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{1}\) and \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{2}\). He states that the magnitudes of the three
Two force vectors, \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{1}=(3.0 \mathrm{~N}) \hat{\mathbf{x}}-(4.0 \mathrm{~N}) \hat{\mathbf{y}}\) and \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{2}=(-6.0 \mathrm{~N})
Referring to the parallelogram in \(abla\) Figure 3.28, express \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{C}}, \overrightarrow{\mathbf{C}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}\) and
In two successive chess moves, a player first moves his queen two squares forward, then moves the queen three steps to the left (from the player's view). Assume each square is \(3.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) on
Given two vectors \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}\) and \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}\) with magnitudes \(A\) and \(B\) respectively, you can subtract \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}\) from
For the velocity vectors shown in Figure 3.27, determine \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{C}}\) (15 m/s) B(10 m/s) 30 60 A (5.0 m/s) x
For the vectors shown in \(\boldsymbol{abla}\) Figure 3.27, determine \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{C}}\). (10 m/s) (15 m/s) 30% 60 A (5.0 m/s)
The velocity of object 1 in component form is \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{v}}_{1}=(+2.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}) \hat{\mathbf{x}}+(-4.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}) \hat{\mathbf{y}}\). Object 2 has twice
Given two vectors, A which has a length of 10.0 and makes an angle of 45° below the −x-axis, and B which has an x-component of +2.0 and a y-component of +4.0, (a) sketch the vectors on x-y axes,
For each of the given vectors, give a vector that, when added to it, yields a null vector (a vector with a magnitude of zero). Express the vector in the form other than that in which it is given
(a) What is the resultant if \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}=3.0 \hat{\mathbf{x}}+5.0 \hat{\mathbf{y}}\) is added to \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}=1.0 \hat{\mathbf{x}}-3.0 \hat{\mathbf{y}}\) ?(b) What
Using the triangle method, show graphically that(a) \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}=\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}+\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}\) and(b) if
The resultant of \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}\) is the same as(a) \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}\),(b)
An airplane with an airspeed of \(200 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\) (its speed in still air) flies in a direction such that with a west wind of \(50.0 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\), it travels in a
A hockey player hits a "slap shot" in practice (with no goalie present) when he is \(15.0 \mathrm{~m}\) directly in front of the net. The net is \(1.20 \mathrm{~m}\) high, and the puck is initially
In a long-jump event, does the jumper normally have a launch angle of(a) less than \(45^{\circ}\),(b) exactly \(45^{\circ}\), or(c) greater than \(45^{\circ}\) ? Clearly establish the reasoning and
Consider two balls, both thrown with the same initial speed \(v_{0}\), but one at an angle of \(45^{\circ}\) above the horizontal and the other at an angle of \(45^{\circ}\) below the horizontal (
A young girl standing on a bridge throws a stone with an initial velocity of \(12 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) at a downward angle of \(45^{\circ}\) to the horizontal, in an attempt to hit a block of
Suppose a golf ball is hit off the tee with an initial velocity of 30.0 m/s at an angle of 35° to the horizontal, as in Figure 3.12. (a) What is the maximum height reached by the ball? (b) What is
Suppose that the ball in Figure 3.1la is projected from a height of \(25.0 \mathrm{~m}\) above the ground and is thrown with an initial horizontal velocity of \(8.25 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\).(a)
Let’s apply the procedural steps of the component method to the addition of the vectors in Figure 3.8a. The vectors with units of meters per second represent velocities.THINKING IT THROUGH. Follow
Suppose that the ball in Figure 3.2 has an initial velocity of \(1.50 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) along the \(x\)-axis. Starting at \(t_{\mathrm{o}}=0\), the ball receives an acceleration of \(2.80
If the diagonally moving ball in Figure 3.1a has a constant velocity of \(0.50 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) at an angle of \(37^{\circ}\) relative to the \(x\)-axis, find how far it travels in 3.0 s by
If the sports car in Exercise 20 can accelerate at a rate of \(7.2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\), how long does the car take to accelerate from 0 to \(60 \mathrm{mi} / \mathrm{h}\) ? Exercise 20A
The location of a moving particle at a particular time is given by \(x=a t-b t^{2}\), where \(a=10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) and \(b=0.50 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\).(a) Where is the particle at
A high school kicker makes a \(30.0-\) yd field goal attempt (in American football) and hits the crossbar at a height of \(10.0 \mathrm{ft}\).(a) What is the net displacement of the football from
A dropped object in free fall(a) falls 9.8 m each second,(b) falls 9.8 m during the first second,(c) has an increase in speed of 9.8 m/s each second,(d) has an increase in acceleration of 9.8 m/s2
13. Consider Equation 2.12, v2 = vo2 + 2a(x − xo). An object starts from rest (vo = 0) and accelerates. Since v is squared and therefore always positive, can the acceleration be negative? Explain.
When an object is thrown vertically upward, it is accelerating on(a) the way up,(b) the way down,(c) both(a) and (b),(d) neither(a) and (b).
An object is thrown straight upward. At its maximum height,(a) its velocity is zero(b) its acceleration is zero(c) both(a) and (b)(d) neither(a) and (b)
A dropped object in free fall(a) falls 9.8 m each second,(b) falls 9.8 m during the first second,(c) has an increase in speed of 9.8 m/s each second,(d) has an increase in acceleration of 9.8 m/s2
The free-fall motion described in this section applies to(a) an object dropped from rest,(b) an object is thrown vertically downward,(c) an object is thrown vertically upward,(d) all of the
An object is thrown vertically upward. Which of the following statements is true:(a) its velocity changes nonuniformly;(b) its maximum height is independent of the initial velocity;(c) its travel
A Lunar Lander makes a descent toward a level plain on the Moon. It descends slowly by using retro (braking) rockets. At a height of \(6.0 \mathrm{~m}\) above the surface, the rockets are shut down
A person's reaction time can be measured by having another person drop a ruler (without warning) through the first person's thumb and forefinger, as shown in Figure 2.17. After observing the
A boy on a bridge throws a stone vertically downward with an initial speed of \(14.7 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) toward the river below. If the stone hits the water \(2.00 \mathrm{~s}\) later, what is
Two riders on dune buggies sit \(10 \mathrm{~m}\) apart on a long, straight track, facing in opposite directions. Starting at the same time, both riders accelerate at a constant rate of \(2.0
A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a straight line at a constant rate of \(3.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\) for \(8.0 \mathrm{~s}\). How far does the boat travel during this
A drag racer starting from rest accelerates in a straight line at a constant rate of \(5.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\) for \(6.0 \mathrm{~s}\).(a) What is the racer's velocity at the end of this
A couple in a sport-utility vehicle (SUV) is traveling at \(90 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\) on a straight highway. The driver sees an accident in the distance and slows down to \(40 \mathrm{~km} /
A jogger jogs from one end to the other of a straight \(300-\mathrm{m}\) track in \(2.50 \mathrm{~min}\) and then jogs back to the starting point in \(3.30 \mathrm{~min}\). What was the jogger's
39. •• Referring to Exercise 37, estimate the activity of the Earth’s oceans (in curies) due to proton decay. Assume the oceans are 3 km deep covering 75% of the Earth’s surface.
38. •• (a) Referring to Exercise 37, what would be the proton decay constant λ? (b) Suppose your experiment required detection of at least one decay per week.What would be the minimum length of
37. • Suppose the grand unified theory (GUT) was correct and the half-life of a proton was 1.2 × 1035 y. Estimate the decay rate for the protons in a liter of water both in decays/second and
36. • (a) Show that the neutral pion cannot be composed solely of any pair of quarks in which one is an up quark (or an anti-up quark) and one is a down quark(or an anti-down quark). (b) According
35. IE • (a) The quark combination for a antineutron is(1) udd, (2) uud, (3) uud, (4) ddd. (b) Show that your answer to (a) gives the correct electric charge for the antineutron.
34. IE • (a) The quark combination for an antiproton is(1) uud, (2) udd, (3) uud, (4) udd. (b) Show that your answer to (a) gives the correct electric charge for the antiproton.
33. •• (a) Using Table 30.2, estimate the average distance a τ− particle would travel in the laboratory if it were moving at 0.95c. (b) What would its kinetic energy be?
32. •• (a) Using Table 30.2, calculate the mass of the Ω−particle in kilograms. (b) Determine its total energy if it is moving at a speed of 0.800c.
31. •• If the (electron) neutrino mass were 6.0 × 10−6 MeV, what is its speed if its total energy is 0.50 MeV? [Hint:See Section 26.4 and binomial expansion usage since E ≫ mc2.]
30. •• (a) What is the mass difference between the charged pion and its neutral version? Express your answer in both kilograms and rest energy (MeV). (b) What is the kinetic energy of a neutral
28. •• By what minimum amount is energy conservation“violated” during a πo exchange process?29. •• How long is the conservation of energy “violated” in a πo exchange process?

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