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When the Voyager 2 spacecraft passed Neptune in 1989, it was 4.5 10 9 km from the earth. Its radio transmitter, with which it sent back data and images, broadcast with a mere 21 W of power. Assuming... FIGURE P31.39 shows the electric field inside a cylinder of radius R = 3.0 mm. The field strength is increasing with time as E = 1.0 10 8 t 2 V/m, where t is in s. The electric field outside the... The magnetic field inside a 4.0-cm-diameter superconducting solenoid varies sinusoidally between 8.0 T and 12.0 T at a frequency of 10 Hz. a. What is the maximum electric field strength at a point... A 5.0-cm-diameter coil has 20 turns and a resistance of 0.50 . A magnetic field perpendicular to the coil is B = 0.020t + 0.010t 2 , where B is in tesla and t is in seconds. a. Find an expression for... FIGURE EX30.18 shows the current as a function of time through a 20-cm-long, 4.0-cm-diameter solenoid with 400 turns. Draw a graph of the induced electric field strength as a function of time at a... FIGURE EX31.1 shows the electric and magnetic field in frame A. A rocket in frame B travels parallel to one of the axes of the A coordinate system. Along which axis must the rocket travel, and in... A 10-cm-diameter parallel-plate capacitor has a 1.0 mm spacing. The electric field between the plates is increasing at the rate 1.0 10 6 V/m s. What is the magnetic field strength (a) On the axis,... The electric field of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum is E y = (20.0 V/m) cos [(6.28 10 8 )x - t], where x is in m and t is in s. What are the waves (a) Wavelength, (b) Frequency, (c) Magnetic... A helium-neon laser emits a 1.0-mm-diameter laser beam with a power of 1.0 mW. What are the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields of the light wave? A 200 mW vertically polarized laser beam passes through a polarizing filter whose axis is 35 from horizontal. What is the power of the laser beam as it emerges from the filter? A proton is fired with a speed of 1.0 10 6 m/s through the parallel-plate capacitor shown in FIGURE P31.31. The capacitor??s electric field is E = (1.0 10 5 V/m, down). a. What magnetic field B,... A point source of light illuminates an aperture 2.0 m away. A 12.0-cm-wide bright patch of light appears on a screen 1.0 m behind the aperture. How wide is the aperture? a. How long (in ns) does it take light to travel 1.0 m in vacuum? b. What distance does light travel in water, glass, and cubic zirconia during the time that it travels 1.0 m in vacuum? A fish in an aquarium with flat sides looks out at a hungry cat. To the fish, does the distance to the cat appear to be less than the actual distance, the same as the actual distance, or more than... A light ray leaves point A in FIGURE EX34.5, reflects from the mirror, and reaches point B. How far below the top edge does the ray strike the mirror? 5 cm 10 cm A Mirror 15 cm 15 cm FIGURE EX34.5 At what angle Ï should the laser beam in FIGURE EX34.7 be aimed at the mirrored ceiling in order to hit the midpoint of the far wall? Mirror 3.0 m Wall Laser beam FIGURE EX34.7 5.0 m When you look at your reflection in the bowl of a spoon, it is upside down. Why? A biologist keeps a specimen of his favorite beetle embedded in a cube of polystyrene plastic. The hapless bug appears to be 2.0 cm within the plastic. What is the beetles actual distance beneath the... To a fish in an aquarium, the 4.00-mm-thick walls appear to be only 3.50 mm thick. What is the index of refraction of the walls? Find the focal length of the meniscus polystyrene plastic lens in FIGURE EX34.28. 30 cm 40 cm Meniscus lens FIGURE EX34.28 A 1.0-cm-tall object is 75 cm in front of a converging lens that has a 30 cm focal length. a. Use ray tracing to find the position and height of the image. To do this accurately, use a ruler or paper... A 1.0-cm-tall object is 20 cm in front of a convex mirror that has a -60 cm focal length. Calculate the position and height of the image. State whether the image is in front of or behind the mirror,... A wildlife photographer with a 200-mm-focal-length telephoto lens on his camera is taking a picture of a rhinoceros that is 100 m away. Suddenly, the rhino starts charging straight toward the... Some electro-optic materials can change their index of refraction in response to an applied voltage. Suppose a planoconvex lens (flat on one side, a 15.0 cm radius of curvature on the other), made... An astronaut is exploring an unknown planet when she accidentally drops an oxygen canister into a 1.50-m-deep pool filled with an unknown liquid. Although she dropped the canister 21 cm from the... A 4.0-m-wide swimming pool is filled to the top. The bottom of the pool becomes completely shaded in the afternoon when the sun is 20 above the horizon. How deep is the pool? A horizontal meter stick is centered at the bottom of a 3.0 m-deep, 3.0-m-wide pool of water. How long does the meter stick appear to be as you look at it from the edge of the pool? Water accelerated by a nozzle to 35 m/s strikes the vertical back surface of a cart moving horizontally at a constant velocity of 10 m/s in the flow direction. The mass flow rate of water through the... Define the resultant hydrostatic force acting on a submerged surface, and the center of pressure. For a gate width of 2 m into the paper (Fig. P11??14), determine the force required to hold the gate ABC at its location. 45 SG = 0.86 50 cm A Hinge 10 cm SG = 1.23 80 cm B 40 cm LL A water trough of semicircular cross section of radius 0.6 m consists of two symmetric parts hinged to each other at the bottom, as shown in Fig. P11??20. The two parts are held together by a cable... The volume and the average density of an irregularly shaped body are to be determined by using a spring scale. The body weighs 7200 N in air and 4790 N in water. Determine the volume and the density... The two most prominent wavelengths in the light emitted by a hydrogen discharge lamp are 656 nm (red) and 486 nm (blue). Light from a hydrogen lamp illuminates a diffraction grating with 500... Calculate the energy (in MeV) released in the triplealpha process 3 4 He 12 C. A proton beam with an 800-GeV beam energy gives an available energy of 38.7 GeV for collisions with a stationary proton target. (a) You are asked to design an upgrade of the accelerator that will... The center of the galaxy is filled with low-density hydrogen gas that scatters light rays. An astronomer wants to take a picture of the center of the galaxy. Will the view be better using ultraviolet... A 2.0-m-tall man is 10 m in front of a camera with a 15 mm-focal-length lens. How tall is his image on the detector? A camera takes a properly exposed photo with a 3.0-mm-diameter aperture and a shutter speed of 1/125 s. What is the appropriate aperture diameter for a 1/500 s shutter speed? Ramon has contact lenses with the prescription +2.0 D. a. What eye condition does Ramon have? b. What is his near point without the lenses? Ellen wears eyeglasses with the prescription -1.0 D. a. What eye condition does Ellen have? b. What is her far point without the glasses? What is the f-number of a relaxed eye with the pupil fully dilated to 8.0 mm? Model the eye as a single lens 2.4 cm in front of the retina. A magnifier has a magnification of 5. How far from the lens should an object be held so that its image is seen at the near-point distance of 25 cm? Assume that your eye is immediately behind the lens. A reflecting telescope is built with a 20-cm-diameter mirror having a 1.00 m focal length. It is used with a 10 eyepiece. What are (a) The magnificatio (b) The f-number of the telescope? A sheet of glass has n red = 1.52 and n violet = 1.55. A narrow beam of white light is incident on the glass at 30. What is the angular spread of the light inside the glass? Two lightbulbs are 1.0 m apart. From what distance can these lightbulbs be marginally resolved by a small telescope with a 4.0-cm-diameter objective lens? Assume that the lens is diffraction limited... A 1.0-cm-tall object is 110 cm from a screen. A diverging lens with focal length -20 cm is 20 cm in front of the object. What are the focal length and distance from the screen of a second lens that... Yang can focus on objects 150 cm away with a relaxed eye. With full accommodation, she can focus on objects 20 cm away. After her eyesight is corrected for distance vision, what will her near point... Youve been asked to build a telescope from a 2.0 magnifying lens and a 5.0 magnifying lens. a. What is the maximum magnification you can achieve? b. Which lens should be used as the objective?... The lens shown in FIGURE CP35.49 is called an achromatic doublet, meaning that it has no chromatic aberration. The left side is flat, and all other surfaces have radii of curvature R. a. For parallel... In the earths reference frame, a tree is at the origin and a pole is at x = 30 km. Lightning strikes both the tree and the pole at t = 10 s. The lightning strikes are observed by a rocket traveling... A rocket cruising past earth at 0.80c shoots a bullet out the back door, opposite the rockets motion, at 0.90c relative to the rocket. What is the bullets speed, as a fraction of c, relative to the... What is the speed, in m/s, of a proton after being accelerated from rest through a 50 10 6 V potential difference? What is the total energy, in MeV, of a. A proton traveling at 99% of the speed of light? b. An electron traveling at 99% of the speed of light? Rutherford studied alpha particles using the crossed-field technique Thomson had invented to study cathode rays. Assuming that v alpha v cathode ray (which turns out to be true), would the... An experiment was performed in which neutrons were shot through two slits spaced 0.10 mm apart and detected 3.5 m behind the slits. FIGURE P38.49 shows the detector output. Notice the 100... A ruby laser emits an intense pulse of light that lasts a mere 10 ns. The light has a wavelength of 690 nm, and each pulse has an energy of 500 mJ. a. How many photons are emitted in each pulse? b.... Electron 1 is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 100 V. Electron 2 is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 200 V. Afterward, which electron has the larger de... Metal 1 has a larger work function than metal 2. Both are illuminated with the same short-wavelength ultraviolet light. Do photoelectrons from metal 1 have a higher speed, a lower speed, or the same... A proton confined in a one-dimensional box emits a 2.0 MeV gamma-ray photon in a quantum jump from n = 2 to n = 1. What is the length of the box? A red card is illuminated by red light. What color will the card appear? What if its illuminated by blue light? A brass plate at room temperature radiates 10 W of blackbody radiation. If the plate is cooled to 30C, does the peak of maximum radiated intensity shift toward shorter wavelengths, shift toward... For the electron wave function shown in FIGURE Q39.3, at what position or positions is the electron most likely to be found? Least likely to be found? Explain. b(x) -x (nm) 4 2 FIGURE Q39.3 In one experiment, 2000 photons are detected in a 0.10-mm-wide strip where the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave is 10 V/m. How many photons are detected in a nearby 0.10-mm-wide strip where the... FIGURE EX39.15 is a graph of |(x)| 2 for a neutron. a. What is the value of a?b. Draw a graph of the wave function (x). (There is more than one acceptable answer.)c. What is the probability that the... Consider a quantum harmonic oscillator. a. What happens to the spacing between the nodes of the wave function as |x| increases? Why? b. What happens to the heights of the antinodes of the wave... An electron has a 0.0100 probability (a 1.00% chance) of tunneling through a potential barrier. If the width of the barrier is doubled, will the tunneling probability be 0.0050, 0.0025, or 0.0001?... Suppose that 1 (x) and 2 (x) are both solutions to the Schrdinger equation for the same potential energy U(x). Prove that the superposition (x) = A 1 (x) + B 2 (x) is also a solution to the... Show that the constant b used in the quantum-harmonic oscillator wave functions (a) Has units of length (b) Is the classical turning point of an oscillator in the n = 1 ground state. A long cylindrical wood log (k = 0.17 W/mK and = 1.28 10 -7 m 2 /s) is 10 cm in diameter and is initially at a uniform temperature of 15C. It is exposed to hot gases at 550C in a fireplace with a... Metal plates (k = 180 W/mK, = 2800 kg/m 3 , and c p = 880 J/kg?K) with a thickness of 1 cm are being heated in an oven for 2 min. Air in the oven is maintained at 800C with a convection heat... A 40-W power transistor is to be cooled by attaching it to one of the commercially available heat sinks shown in Table 176. Select a heat sink that will allow the case temperature of the transistor... A 0.3-cm-thick, 12-cm-high, and 18-cm-long circuit board houses 80 closely spaced logic chips on one side, each dissipating 0.06 W. The board is impregnated with copper fillings and has an effective... Long cylindrical AISI stainless steel rods (k = 7.74 Btu/h·ft·°F and α = 0.135 ft 2 /h) of 4-in-diameter are heat treated by drawing them at a velocity of 7 ft/min... In an annealing process, a 50-mm-thick stainless steel plate (Ï = 8238 kg/m 3 , c p = 468 J/kg·K, k = 13.4 W/m·K, and α = 3.48 à 10 6 m 2 /s) was reheated in a... Circular cooling fins of diameter D = 1 mm and length L = 25.4 mm, made of copper (k = 400 W/m·K), are used to enhance heat transfer from a surface that is maintained at temperature T s1 =... A jumbo jet airplane has a mass of about 400,000 kg when fully loaded with over 400 passengers and takes off at a speed of 250 km/h. Determine the takeoff speed when the airplane has 100 empty seats.... A 1-mm-thick copper plate (k = 386 W/m·K) is sandwiched between two 5-mm-thick epoxy boards (k = 0.26 W/m·K) that are 15 cm à 20 cm in size. If the thermal contact conductance on... An aluminum plate of 25 mm thick (k = 235 W/m·K) is attached on a copper plate with thickness of 10 mm. The copper plate is heated electrically to dissipate a uniform heat flux of 5300 W/m 2 .... Repeat Prob. 1723, assuming the space between the two glass layers is evacuated. Data from 17-23 Consider a 1.2-m-high and 2-m-wide doublepane window consisting of two 3-mm-thick layers of glass ( k... Consider a 1.2-m-high and 2-m-wide doublepane window consisting of two 3-mm-thick layers of glass (k = 0.78 W/m·K) separated by a 12-mm-wide stagnant air space (k = 0.026 W/m·K).... The human skin is selective when it comes to the absorption of the solar radiation that strikes it perpendicularly. The skin absorbs only 50 percent of the incident radiation with wavelengths between... During a plant visit, it was noticed that a 12-m-long section of a 10-cm-diameter steam pipe is completely exposed to the ambient air. The temperature measurements indicate that the average... An electronic box that consumes 200 W of power is cooled by a fan blowing air into the box enclosure. The dimensions of the electronic box are 15 cm à 50 cm à 50 cm, and all surfaces of... The surface in Prob. 21120 receives solar radiation at a rate of 470 W/m 2 . Determine the solar absorptivity of the surface and the rate of absorption of solar radiation. In Prob The spectral... Consider a cylindrical enclosure with A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 representing the internal base, top, and side surfaces, respectively. Using the length to diameter ratio, K = L/D, determine (a) The... (a) The classical radius of an electron is defined as r c = e 2 /4 0 m e in natural units. What is its value in fm? (b) A simple classical model of the electron is to regard it as a sphere of uniform... In Section 2.3.1 it is stated that electron neutrinos interact with electrons in a different way from muon and tauon neutrinos. Justify this remark by considering the lowest-order Feynman diagrams... Show that the oscillation length in (2.30h) may he written L 0 = E/(1.27m 2 ij ), where L 0 is expressed in km, E in GeV and in m 2 ij in (eV/c 2 ) 2 . If the Sun is assumed to be a uniform spherical plasma consisting of nucleons, with radius 7 10 5 km and total mass 2 10 30 kg, calculate the mean free path = 1/n of solar neutrinos from the... The particles X 0 (1193) and Y (1321) can be produced in the strong interaction processes K + p Ï 0 + X 0 and K + p K + + Y respectively. Deduce the baryon number, strangeness, charm and bottom... Estimate the minimum length of a gas Cerenkov counter that could be used in the threshold mode to distinguish between pions and kaons with momentum 20 GeV/c. Assume that 200 photons need to be... Estimate the relative magnitudes of the static potential between (a) A quarkantiquark pair (b) Two protons, both separated by a distance of 3 fm, given that the value of the dimensionless Yukawa... In the text we considered the simple quark model predictions for the baryons with angular momenta L 12 = L 3 = 0 containing 0 or 1 of the heavy quarks b,c. Extend this to baryons with (a) C = 2, B =... In the simple model of the baryon mass splittings discussed in Section 6.1.4, the electromagnetic interaction energy between two quarks a and b was assumed to be of order e a e b , where e a and e b... The hadron + c (2455) is observed to decay by + c + c + 0 with a rate typical of strong interactions, where + c is the isosinglet hadron (3.21). Deduce the values of the quantum numbers (3.35)... Assuming that exotic states exist in the susd system, express in spectroscopic notation the lowest states that would be expected and give their corresponding J P values. In the text, it is stated that if dark matter consisted entirely of WIMPs of mass 60 GeV/c 2 , the number of WIMPs passing through each square centimetre of the Earths surface would be of order 10 5... Four mesons each of mass 5280MeV/c2 are produced in a B factory and observed to decay to (a) D 0 + , (b) + K , (c) + , (d) D D + s, where + is the resonance discussed in Section 6.2.1. Is... Show that the vertices of Figure 9.4 are the only possible abW vertices allowed by charge and lepton number conservation, where a and b can be any lepton or antilepton. Figure 9.4 (a) , W+ (b) Derive the Gottfried sum rule, where the quark distributions refer to the proton. | [F} (2) F (x)] dr 3+5, (a(z) d(x)] d, 0.
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