A 1.0-cm-tall object is 110 cm from a screen. A diverging lens with focal length -20 cm is 20 cm in front of the object. What are the focal length and distance from the screen of a second lens that...
Yang can focus on objects 150 cm away with a relaxed eye. With full accommodation, she can focus on objects 20 cm away. After her eyesight is corrected for distance vision, what will her near point...
Youve been asked to build a telescope from a 2.0 magnifying lens and a 5.0 magnifying lens. a. What is the maximum magnification you can achieve? b. Which lens should be used as the objective?...
The lens shown in FIGURE CP35.49 is called an achromatic doublet, meaning that it has no chromatic aberration. The left side is flat, and all other surfaces have radii of curvature R. a. For parallel...
In the earths reference frame, a tree is at the origin and a pole is at x = 30 km. Lightning strikes both the tree and the pole at t = 10 s. The lightning strikes are observed by a rocket traveling...
A rocket cruising past earth at 0.80c shoots a bullet out the back door, opposite the rockets motion, at 0.90c relative to the rocket. What is the bullets speed, as a fraction of c, relative to the...
What is the speed, in m/s, of a proton after being accelerated from rest through a 50 10 6 V potential difference?
What is the total energy, in MeV, of a. A proton traveling at 99% of the speed of light? b. An electron traveling at 99% of the speed of light?
Rutherford studied alpha particles using the crossed-field technique Thomson had invented to study cathode rays. Assuming that v alpha v cathode ray (which turns out to be true), would the...
An experiment was performed in which neutrons were shot through two slits spaced 0.10 mm apart and detected 3.5 m behind the slits. FIGURE P38.49 shows the detector output. Notice the 100...
A ruby laser emits an intense pulse of light that lasts a mere 10 ns. The light has a wavelength of 690 nm, and each pulse has an energy of 500 mJ. a. How many photons are emitted in each pulse? b....
Electron 1 is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 100 V. Electron 2 is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 200 V. Afterward, which electron has the larger de...
Metal 1 has a larger work function than metal 2. Both are illuminated with the same short-wavelength ultraviolet light. Do photoelectrons from metal 1 have a higher speed, a lower speed, or the same...
A proton confined in a one-dimensional box emits a 2.0 MeV gamma-ray photon in a quantum jump from n = 2 to n = 1. What is the length of the box?
A red card is illuminated by red light. What color will the card appear? What if its illuminated by blue light?
A brass plate at room temperature radiates 10 W of blackbody radiation. If the plate is cooled to 30C, does the peak of maximum radiated intensity shift toward shorter wavelengths, shift toward...
For the electron wave function shown in FIGURE Q39.3, at what position or positions is the electron most likely to be found? Least likely to be found? Explain. b(x) -x (nm) 4 2 FIGURE Q39.3
In one experiment, 2000 photons are detected in a 0.10-mm-wide strip where the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave is 10 V/m. How many photons are detected in a nearby 0.10-mm-wide strip where the...
FIGURE EX39.15 is a graph of |(x)| 2 for a neutron. a. What is the value of a?b. Draw a graph of the wave function (x). (There is more than one acceptable answer.)c. What is the probability that the...
Consider a quantum harmonic oscillator. a. What happens to the spacing between the nodes of the wave function as |x| increases? Why? b. What happens to the heights of the antinodes of the wave...
An electron has a 0.0100 probability (a 1.00% chance) of tunneling through a potential barrier. If the width of the barrier is doubled, will the tunneling probability be 0.0050, 0.0025, or 0.0001?...
Suppose that 1 (x) and 2 (x) are both solutions to the Schrdinger equation for the same potential energy U(x). Prove that the superposition (x) = A 1 (x) + B 2 (x) is also a solution to the...
Show that the constant b used in the quantum-harmonic oscillator wave functions (a) Has units of length (b) Is the classical turning point of an oscillator in the n = 1 ground state.
A long cylindrical wood log (k = 0.17 W/mK and = 1.28 10 -7 m 2 /s) is 10 cm in diameter and is initially at a uniform temperature of 15C. It is exposed to hot gases at 550C in a fireplace with a...
Metal plates (k = 180 W/mK, = 2800 kg/m 3 , and c p = 880 J/kg?K) with a thickness of 1 cm are being heated in an oven for 2 min. Air in the oven is maintained at 800C with a convection heat...
A 40-W power transistor is to be cooled by attaching it to one of the commercially available heat sinks shown in Table 176. Select a heat sink that will allow the case temperature of the transistor...
Long cylindrical AISI stainless steel rods (k = 7.74 Btu/h·ft·°F and α = 0.135 ft 2 /h) of 4-in-diameter are heat treated by drawing them at a velocity of 7 ft/min...
A 0.3-cm-thick, 12-cm-high, and 18-cm-long circuit board houses 80 closely spaced logic chips on one side, each dissipating 0.06 W. The board is impregnated with copper fillings and has an effective...
A long Pyroceram rod (Ï = 2600 kg/m 3 , c p = 808 J/kg·K, k = 3.98 W/m·K, and α = 1.89 à 10 6 m 2 /s) with diameter of 10 mm has an initial uniform temperature...
Circular cooling fins of diameter D = 1 mm and length L = 25.4 mm, made of copper (k = 400 W/m·K), are used to enhance heat transfer from a surface that is maintained at temperature T s1 =...
A 1-mm-thick copper plate (k = 386 W/m·K) is sandwiched between two 5-mm-thick epoxy boards (k = 0.26 W/m·K) that are 15 cm à 20 cm in size. If the thermal contact conductance on...
An aluminum plate of 25 mm thick (k = 235 W/m·K) is attached on a copper plate with thickness of 10 mm. The copper plate is heated electrically to dissipate a uniform heat flux of 5300 W/m 2 ....
Repeat Prob. 1723, assuming the space between the two glass layers is evacuated. Data from 17-23 Consider a 1.2-m-high and 2-m-wide doublepane window consisting of two 3-mm-thick layers of glass ( k...
Consider a 1.2-m-high and 2-m-wide doublepane window consisting of two 3-mm-thick layers of glass (k = 0.78 W/m·K) separated by a 12-mm-wide stagnant air space (k = 0.026 W/m·K)....
A jumbo jet airplane has a mass of about 400,000 kg when fully loaded with over 400 passengers and takes off at a speed of 250 km/h. Determine the takeoff speed when the airplane has 100 empty seats....
During a plant visit, it was noticed that a 12-m-long section of a 10-cm-diameter steam pipe is completely exposed to the ambient air. The temperature measurements indicate that the average...
The human skin is selective when it comes to the absorption of the solar radiation that strikes it perpendicularly. The skin absorbs only 50 percent of the incident radiation with wavelengths between...
An electronic box that consumes 200 W of power is cooled by a fan blowing air into the box enclosure. The dimensions of the electronic box are 15 cm à 50 cm à 50 cm, and all surfaces of...
The surface in Prob. 21120 receives solar radiation at a rate of 470 W/m 2 . Determine the solar absorptivity of the surface and the rate of absorption of solar radiation. In Prob The spectral...
Consider a cylindrical enclosure with A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 representing the internal base, top, and side surfaces, respectively. Using the length to diameter ratio, K = L/D, determine (a) The...
(a) The classical radius of an electron is defined as r c = e 2 /4 0 m e in natural units. What is its value in fm? (b) A simple classical model of the electron is to regard it as a sphere of uniform...
In Section 2.3.1 it is stated that electron neutrinos interact with electrons in a different way from muon and tauon neutrinos. Justify this remark by considering the lowest-order Feynman diagrams...
Show that the oscillation length in (2.30h) may he written L 0 = E/(1.27m 2 ij ), where L 0 is expressed in km, E in GeV and in m 2 ij in (eV/c 2 ) 2 .
If the Sun is assumed to be a uniform spherical plasma consisting of nucleons, with radius 7 10 5 km and total mass 2 10 30 kg, calculate the mean free path = 1/n of solar neutrinos from the...
The particles X 0 (1193) and Y (1321) can be produced in the strong interaction processes K + p Ï 0 + X 0 and K + p K + + Y respectively. Deduce the baryon number, strangeness, charm and bottom...
Estimate the minimum length of a gas Cerenkov counter that could be used in the threshold mode to distinguish between pions and kaons with momentum 20 GeV/c. Assume that 200 photons need to be...
Estimate the relative magnitudes of the static potential between (a) A quarkantiquark pair (b) Two protons, both separated by a distance of 3 fm, given that the value of the dimensionless Yukawa...
In the simple model of the baryon mass splittings discussed in Section 6.1.4, the electromagnetic interaction energy between two quarks a and b was assumed to be of order e a e b , where e a and e b...
The hadron + c (2455) is observed to decay by + c + c + 0 with a rate typical of strong interactions, where + c is the isosinglet hadron (3.21). Deduce the values of the quantum numbers (3.35)...
In the text we considered the simple quark model predictions for the baryons with angular momenta L 12 = L 3 = 0 containing 0 or 1 of the heavy quarks b,c. Extend this to baryons with (a) C = 2, B =...
Assuming that exotic states exist in the susd system, express in spectroscopic notation the lowest states that would be expected and give their corresponding J P values.
In the text, it is stated that if dark matter consisted entirely of WIMPs of mass 60 GeV/c 2 , the number of WIMPs passing through each square centimetre of the Earths surface would be of order 10 5...
Four mesons each of mass 5280MeV/c2 are produced in a B factory and observed to decay to (a) D 0 + , (b) + K , (c) + , (d) D D + s, where + is the resonance discussed in Section 6.2.1. Is...
Show that the vertices of Figure 9.4 are the only possible abW vertices allowed by charge and lepton number conservation, where a and b can be any lepton or antilepton. Figure 9.4 (a) , W+ (b)
Derive the Gottfried sum rule, where the quark distributions refer to the proton. | [F} (2) F (x)] dr 3+5, (a(z) d(x)] d, 0.
The charmed particle decays, D + (1869) e + + anything, D 0 (1869) e + + anything, + c (2285) e + + anything, are usually assumed to result from the charmed quark decay c s + e + + e discussed...
Use the quark distributions of Figure 8.7 to make a rough estimate of the fraction of the proton momentum in a high-momentum frame that is carried by its quark and antiquark constituents. To what...
If pp annihilation at rest proceeds via S-states, explain why the reaction pp 0 0 is forbidden as a strong or electromagnetic interaction.
The K + and its excited states with masses below 1.5 GeV/c 2 are shown in Figure 3.12. Identify these mesons with states 2S + 1 L J of the appropriate quarkanti quark system, specifying the value of...
Show that the impulse on a baseball that is hit with 100 N of force in a time of 0.5 s is 50 N.s. Impulse = change in momentum; Ft = ????mv
Show that 2.4 J of work is done when a force of 2.0 N moves a book 1.2 m. (1 N m = 1 J)
Show that when a 3.0-kg book is lifted 2.0 m, its increase in gravitational potential energy is 60 J.
Show that the kinetic energy of a 1.0-kg book tossed across the room at a speed of 3.0 m/s is 4.5 J. (1 J is equivalent to 1 kg(m/s) 2 .)
Jeannie Beanie (mass 40 kg), standing on slippery ice, catches her leaping dog, Daisy (mass 20 kg), who leapt into her arms after running across an adjacent field at 6 m/s. Use the conservation of...
Choose your favorite local mountain. Estimate how much energy it takes to hike to the top of the mountain (ignoring all the local ups and downs of a typical trail). How does your result compare to a...
Estimate the kinetic energy of the ocean liner Queen Mary 2, with mass (displacement) 76000 tons, moving at a cruising speed of 26 knots. Compare with the change in potential energy of the Queen Mary...
Estimate the potential energy of the international space station (mass 370000 kg) relative to Earths surface when in orbit at a height of 350 km. Compute the velocity of the space station in a...
Consider an idealized cylinder of cross-sectional area A moving along its axis through an idealized diffuse gas of air molecules with vanishing initial velocity. Assume that the air molecules are...
How much energy can you store on a parallel plate capacitor with d = 1 m, A = 10 cm 2 , and = 100 0 ,assuming that the breakdown field of the dielectric is the same as for air?
An electric motor operates at 1000 rpm with an average torque of = 0.1Nm. What is its power output? If it is running on 1.2A of current, estimate the back-EMF from the rotor.
Explain why the integral that appears in eq. is independent of the choice of surface S .[make use of eq. k dS B dS (V x E) = dt dS B
A start-up company is marketing steel ice cubes to be used in place of ordinary ice cubes. How much would a liter of water, initially at 20 C, be cooled by the addition of 10 cubes of steel, each...
A new solar thermal plant being constructed in Australia will collect solar energy and store it as thermal energy, which will then be converted to electrical energy. The plant will store some of the...
Nuclear forces are so strong that they keep protons and neutrons in a spherical region a few femtometers in radius (1 fm = 10 15 m). To get a crude idea of the energy scales involved in nuclear...
A blue super giant star may have a surface temperature as high as 50000 K. Estimate the wavelength at which it emits maximum power. Why does the star appear blue?
Find the enthalpy of reaction for the two pathways of decomposition of TNT.
Acetylene (used in welding torches) C 2 H 2 , sucrose(cane sugar) C 12 H 22 O 11 , and caffeine C 8 H 10 O 2 N 4 , are all popular energy sources. Their heats of combustion are 310.6 kcal/mol, 1348.2...
Thermite is a mixture of powdered metallic aluminum and iron oxide (usually Fe 2 O 3 ). Although stable at room temperature, the reaction 2Al + Fe 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 + 2 Fe proceeds quickly when thermite...
Show that roasting lead (2PbS + 3O 2 ? 2 PbO +2 SO 2 ) is an exothermic reaction and compute the free energy of this reaction under standard conditions. See Table for data. Compound AG (kJ/mol)...
Assume that an SI engine has the following parameters : displacement (V 1 V 2 ): 2.4 L; compression ratio 9.5:1; air to fuel mass ratio 15:1; heating value of fuel 44MJ/kg, pressure at start of...
The energy levels of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator are given by E n = (n + 1/2) with n = 0, 1, 2, . . . . Suppose two spin-1/2 fermions are trapped in a one-dimensional oscillator...
The radius of a nucleon is about R N = 0.9 fm. Compute the volume of a nucleus with a moderately large value of A in the liquid drop model (i.e. using the SEMF) and show that roughly 2/3 of the...
235 U can decay by emitting a neon nucleus. How many such decays occur per second per mole of 235 U?
Radon gas 222 86 Rn is a serious environmental hazard(see 20). It is a decay product of 238 92 U, which is a relatively common constituent of rock. 222 86 Rn undergoes-decay to 218 84 Po. When 222 86...
A beam of thermal neutrons with current? is incident on a uniform (thin) target of thickness 1 cm, consisting of 20% 235 U and 80% 238 U. Table 18.3 ? ? and Problem 18.1. What is the fission rate?...
Show that the peak of the black body spectrum as a function of ? is given by eq. (22.14) kg T Wmax = 2.82
Consider a flat-plate collector covered by a single pane of glass exposed to perpendicular insolation at 1000 W/m 2 . The collector operates at a net efficiency of 35% at a temperature T b 65 C....
Estimate the maximum possible collection efficiency max collection for a germanium solar cell (E gap 0.66 eV).
Compute the maximum energy content of the ethanol produced from corn farmed at 10 t/ha y, assuming that the corn is 70% starch composed of polysaccharides (amylose and amylopectin) built from glucose...
Wind frequency data obtained at a height of 10 meters at a particular location is summarized by a Weibull distribution with = 9 m/s and k = 1.3. The land use is best characterized as rough pasture....
Consider a deep-water wave with amplitude a = 1 m and period 12 s. Compute the energy density and power. When the wave moves into shallow water, what is the height and energy density of the wave at 2...
Use blade-element theory to compute the correction to the axial-momentum theory expression for the power (30.7) To first order in c d /c l for an optimized blade. First, recompute f T and f N...
Consider building a tidal barrage along a straight section of beach in California. Assume that the average tidal range is 3 m, with two high tides a day. Assume that the tidal basin is 20 m wide and...
A tsunami is a very long-wavelength wave produced by a sudden movement in the sea floor over a distance of hundreds of kilometers. The wavelengths in a tsunami are generally much greater than ocean...
An electric space heater dissipates 1320 W of power via electromagnetic radiation and convection when connected to 120 V. When current is unknown, power can be expressed as P = V 2 /R . Use this...
A friend says that sound travels faster in warm air than in cooler air. Do you agree or disagree?
Physics instructor Peter Hopkinson delights in bringing physics into social situations. When dining out with friends, he produces resonance in an empty wine glass by rubbing his wetted fingers on its...
Quantum mechanics is one of the most daunting of all areas in physics. To students encountering this subject for the first time at the introductory level, quantum mechanics can seem mysterious, even...
How much unpolarized light does an ideal Polaroid filter transmit?
Which electrons are most responsible for the properties of an atom?