In the excerpt from Kitty Calavita's The Color of Law, data exists that in a three month period in 2006, more than 2, 300 people were stopped (re: stop and frisk) in the Harlem precinct but just over 400 in predominantly white upper west side, despite the roughly similar crime rates in the two areas. What is happening here?

service style of policing (to keep community safe)

unequal enforcement of laws

watchman style of policing

racial profiling